This timeline of predicted inventions, adaptations, developments and discoveries offers a briefing that includes major statements made in 2006 or earlier by futurists, technologists,

scientists and other experts. These experts see the items on this list as highly likely

changes to come over the next 150 years. Those listings that are not attributed to one or

two specific individuals are developments that are commonly accepted by many experts

as proven to be likely, and they are being brought to reality by a number of innovators at

many locations around the world.

2010-2014

An Improved Internet; RFID/GPS Tracking Everything; Interactive Guidebooks; Super

Supercomputers; Food as Designer Medicine; Intelligent Fabrics, Materials; Other

Possibilities

2015

Teleportation; Genetic Profiling; Human Cloning; Autopilot Vehicles; Smart, Adaptable

Materials; Customized Food/Smart Packaging; Other Possibilities

2016-2025

Immersive Virtual-Reality Worlds; Ubiquitous Robots; Emotion-Control Devices; Paint-

On Power Generation; Holographic Television; Other Possibilities

2026-2045

Biostasis in Space; The Singularity; Space Elevator/Moon Base; Other Possibilities

2046-2150

Time Travel; Brain Downloading; Other Possibilities

Forward 150 Resources

Links and books for more information on the future

Forward 150 - 2010-2014

2010 - An Improved Internet

The National Science Foundation is funding a program to develop a

re-design of the next-generation Internet, creating a new network that

will be suitable for years to come. It is called the Global Environment

for Networking Investigations (GENI). The new Internet will focus on

security as its main concern. It is expected to be able to handle the

increase in Internet traffic expected as more people come online, and

also be geared for the increase in content-delivery demands as more

video and other large-scale projects are made available online.

The development got under way in August 2005 when the U.S. government provided six

small planning grants to the National Science Foundation to begin the project. Internet

pioneers support the NSF idea; Leonard Kleinrock said it must be built to handle the

boom in internet demands from sources other than computers, such as cellular phones,

GPS/RFID-type tracking and hand-held organizers; David Clark, a senior research

scientist at the Laboratory for Computer Science at MIT, said while the turn-of-thecentury

internet is operating at an acceptable level, "There are some things where you

say, 'That doesn't work right.'" He said he expects this project will go beyond current

efforts such as IPv6 (Internet Protocol Version 6), which would only incrementally

improve the internet.

Goals for the GENI initiative include new naming, addressing and identity architectures

for the internet; advanced security architecture; a design built to handle a great deal more

material at faster rates; traffic documentation; and new applications and services. The

NSF announcement said GENI will "enable the vision of pervasive computing and bridge

the gap between the physical and virtual worlds by including mobile, wireless and sensor

networks."

2010 - RFID/GPS Can Track Anything

Radio-frequency identification detectors are already in heavy use today, but by 2010 they will be even more ubiquitous, woven invisibly into everything everywhere. As of 2006 companies were using RFID in: ID cards to track employees at work; pre-paid passes that record usage and deduct payments at mass-transit systems and tollbooths; tags that monitor student attendance and location in some schools; tracking of shipments of goods and

delivery of services.

Global positioning systems (GPS) allow the calculation of the exact position of anything anywhere in the world. By 2006, these were being incorporated in car-safety systems and in cellular phones, making the devices tools by which people can be tracked and located.

By 2010, you may be able to skip going through any sort of checkout and payment process when you shop or travel. You and all items you intend to purchase will have RFID tags; as you pass out of the door, you will be instantly billed for the items you carry. Passports are also being equipped with RFID tags. Hitachi introduced the tags

above in 2005. They are tiny when compared with the tip of a pen.

Some humans and animals are already carrying RFID devices implanted under their skin for identification purposes. Lost pets can be found and returned more easily when they carry such tags. Humans tie their medical records to the RFID number, and emergency personnel can access their identity and medical history (blood type, allergies, pre-existing problems) by using an RFID reader and matching a code number to a patient's file.

This can also be tied to the idea of "IP on everything," which network engineers use to explain that nearly all material items will be networked in the future, from shoes to toasters.

The sort of continuous tracking enabled by GPS, RFID and IP on everything has some negative implications in regard to freedom and privacy. These tools can be used by criminals or others to exert control over people and track them. A debate will continue to rage over the negatives and positives of the use of these devices and their networking.

2010 - Interactive Guidebooks Educate

Innovators are developing interactive guidebooks tourists can use while traveling in vehicles or on foot, alone or in groups all over the world. These tools use GPS signals and allow travelers to hear a guided narration of what they are viewing along with related pictures and sound effects. Some of the places mapped to introduce the new guidebooks are Alcatraz in San Francisco, the Louvre in Paris, Edinburgh Castle and the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam. These types of guides will also be applied in other settings, including industrial training on special equipment, possibly even being used to train robots in future decades beyond this period of time.

2011 - SUPER Supercomputers

Computational capabilities are accelerating rapidly, as indicated by IBM's nnouncement

in 2005 that it had doubled the performance of the world's fastest computer, named Blue Gene/L, from 136.8 trillion calculations per second (teraflops) to 280.6 trillion teraflops.

Supercomputer speed rankings are released every six months, and there is a healthy

competition among top computer scientists. The United States has plans to create a

supercomputer with petaflop capability by 2010. A petaflop - which equates to 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 operations per second - is equal to 1,000 teraflops.

A supercomputer that will operate at a speed of 10 petaflops (or 10 quadrillion floatingpoint operations per second) is the 2011 goal of Japan's technology ministry. This would give it a capability close to the computational capacity of the human brain. High-speed computers are used to run simulations (for example, to study the formation of galaxies and to project the paths of hurricanes). Many scientists say they expect that computers will soon surpass the intelligence capacity of humans.

2012 - Food as Designer Medicine

Nearly everything we eat is derived from livestock, crops and microorganisms bred specifically as food. Humans have been modifying these products and redistributing the genes geographically for most of their history. Thanks to gene research, computer

modeling and the sharing of new knowledge in science and technology through the internet, the positive attributes of modified foods will continue to be refined.

Crops will continue to be developed to be resistant to diseases, pests and herbicides; they will be developed to screen out allergens (such as the allergenic proteins found in nuts); vaccines will be bred into plants or possibly into livestock - for instance in milk in dairy herds. Fruit can be bred to carry additional essential vitamins and other medicines. People may be able to get necessary medical treatments just by eating.

2012 - Intelligent Fabrics, Materials

By 2012, clothing may be equipped with sensors that can detect body

warmth and send a signal to the thermostat controlling the temperature of the room to

automatically decrease or increase the temperature of the room based on your body

temperature. The sensitive fabrics may also be able to sense your mood and can be set to automatically adjust the lighting in a room.

Clothes may eventually be able to sense and respond to the weather, monitor your vital

signs, deliver medications, interface with information systems and automatically protect

injuries.

E-ink and e-paper and flexible, foldable computer displays were already in testing tages

in 2006 and by 2012 to 2015 they may be common. They can allow, for instance, the easy and instantaneous changing of the printed price tags on every item in a store; easy-tochange

signage on trucks, inside and outside retail outlets and along highways; the

constant updating of the stories and photos in a newspaper - with moving photos or video possible.

Other Possibilities by 2010-2014

The following are excerpted from the British Telecom Technology Timeline (information

was compiled by Ian Neild and Ian Pearson from worldwide sci-tech reports in 2005):

Artificial Intelligence units used as classroom assistants

Toys have built-in tracking technology

People have some virtual friends but don't know which ones are virtual

Mood-sensitive home décor comes into use

First divorce due to virtual affair with computer game character

Addiction to online games seen as a major problem

DNA used to assemble electronic circuits

First bacterium assembled from scratch

AI soccer teams as TV entertainment

Chips with 10 billion transistors

Electronic prescriptions reduce fraud and improve speed

Quiz shows screen for implant technologies

24/7 blood-chemistry monitoring

Laser-activated drug capsules

Ultrasound or radio-activated medicine capsules

Blood-analysis chips

Supermarkets used as major source of medical alerts

Remote control of insects by neural implants

Emotion detection used in businesses to select front-line staff

Instant electronic identification of pathogens

Lifestyle monitoring and insurance linked to medical records

Online surgeries dominate first-line medical care

Video tattoos

Cyber-drugs (electronically activated drugs)

Automated pain relief for soldiers

Bacteria in toothpaste to attack plaque

Antibacterial coatings on domestic appliances, phones etc, especially in hospitals

Smells embedded in ordinary household objects

Flexible displays used for body monitoring and alerts

Emotional jewelry

Hand-held scanner to detect tumors using tissue resonance interferometer

Smart pill bottles remotely monitor medication taking and use alarms

Hotels offer some hospital services

Extensive remote sensing use in environmental management

Effective prediction of most natural disasters

Chips on food packaging tell when food is at its best

Most homes have wireless networks

Smart paint available (contains microchips or nanomaterials)

Digital bathroom mirrors

Personalized response from household gadgets

Mood-sensitive light fixtures/bulbs

Smart, responsive home and work environments

Virtual windows open new worlds

1 billion internet users in 2010

Automatic video capture of personal events

Electronically mediated tribes become major social structures

Viewers able to pick any angle or player view while watching sports events

Augmented reality at sports grounds to enhance spectator experience

Frequent use of multiple Net identities causes personality disorders

Cheap miniature cameras cause social backlash

Personal black boxes record everyday life

Ability to digitally replace or enhance people in your field of view

3D "Minority Report"-style air display for information appliances

Projected augmented reality

Full-voice interaction with computers

Voice synthesis quality up to human standard

Data loss because of format changes becomes major business problem

Chips with 1 billion transistors

Quantum effect interferometer for flux measurement

Use of carbon fullerenes for on chip interconnect

Self diagnosis using gene chips for domestic use

Liquid drop lenses for camera phones, etc.

Terahertz scanners

Self organizing adaptive integrated circuits

Molecular sized switches

Intelligent materials with built-in sensors, storage and effectors

Smart skin for intelligent clothing and direct human repair

Use of bacteria to assemble small circuits

Optical neuro-computers

Simple quantum computer, 4 Qubits

100GB memory sticks (typical 2005 HD capacity)

Ultra-simple computing - just in time OS

Bacteria used in detection of explosives

Autonomous weapons authorized to fire at own discretion

Household access by facial recognition

Criminal tagging augmented with video and audio sensors

Extensive use of electronics to monitor police behavior

Immersive VR shopping booths

60 percent of internet accesses from mobile devices

Single address for emails, phone calls, etc.

HDTV over broadband

Assisted lane-keeping systems in trucks and buses

Most new cars fitted with positioning systems as standard

Pollution-monitor chips built into cars

Light emitting fabrics used in clothes

Smell emitting clothing, uses context

TV quality video screens built into clothes

Jewelry that changes shape, color and texture

Portable translation device for simple conversation

Shape changing fabrics

Terahertz jammers in clothes as personal modesty shield

Dual appearance - you can change how you look with quick tech

Laws restrict what can be shown on video clothing

Forward 150 - 2015

2015 - Teleportation is Developing

We are probably at least 50 years away from teleporting

humans from one location to another, a concept commonly

found in science-fiction stories like those told in the "Star

Trek" films and TV series. But British astronomer David

Darling writes convincingly in his 2005 book,

"Teleportation - The Impossible Leap," that we are close

to being able to teleport individual atoms and molecules -

the first step toward human movement. Next would come the teleportation of

macromolecules and microbes, which would eventually lead into the teleportation of

humans.

How possible is this? As of 2005, researchers had successfully teleported beams of light

across a laboratory bench, and the quantum structure of a trapped calcium ion to a second

calcium ion had been teleported. Networked quantum computers are the key. They are

more complex than today's commonplace, bit-oriented computers, and will be able to

accomplish more complex tasks. They use quantum mechanical aspects such as

"entanglement" and "superposition" to perform operations on data.

"Teleportation is going to play a major role in all our futures," Darling writes. "It will be

a fundamental process at the heart of quantum computers, which will themselves

radically change the world." He adds that replication of inanimate objects will also be

developed through the same scientific developments. He says it is "a question of simply

overcoming technical challenges," and adds that quantum computing is the "factor that

changes the rules of what is and isn't possible."

Michio Kaku, a co-founder of String Field Theory, also predicts this: "The nation which

dominates the world economy may be the one which masters the nano world of atomic

and quantum computing. Then quantum events … will be the source of the world's

wealth. The Silicon Age is coming to a close. Welcome to the Quantum Age, where even

button-down bankers will have to learn the mysteries of the multiverse."

Teleporting a living human would require a machine that can isolate, classify and track

more than a trillion atoms then send them to another location for reassembly in perfect

order. Darling predicts robots or humans will be teleported to other planets or even across

interstellar distances.

He projects that, when nanotechnology is mature, an automated nanoassembly unit could

be teleported to any destination - perhaps a far-flung planet - and given remote orders to

build a robot explorer from the molecular level to full functionality. The robot could then

evaluate this new terrain and send the information back to Earth. No space travel

involved. It could also be possible to build spacecraft in remote locations using local

materials and then use the remote locale as a base from which to explore in the

spacecraft.

2015 - Genetic Profiling has Many Uses

By 2015 developments in biotechnology will be improved in

regard to profiling, copying and manipulating the genetic

organization of plants and animals, facilitating better

diagnoses of problems, new treatments and the tracking of

disease movement. The human genome is made up of 3

billion chemical bases (or letters), strung in a sequence over

23 pairs of chromosomes. Each human's individual genome

is nearly identical, but there are 10 million points in the sequence at which our individual

codes may vary.

According to a projective study by experts at the RAND think tank, by 2015 genetic

profiling will be used in new ways in security and law enforcement. Genetic engineering

will be used to modify more plants, insects and animals in the food chain. Organisms will

be further engineered to produce and/or deliver therapeutic drugs and organic

compounds. Plants may also be further engineered to optimize their pollution-fighting

properties and help the environment.

2015 - Human Cloning is Taking Place

Ethical and health concerns will probably limit wide-scale cloning of humans in regulated

areas of the world in 2015. Most studies of the future by think tanks and UN-funded

organizations project that fringe individuals or groups will probably be cloning humans

(for those willing to pay a great deal for it) in unregulated nations or in illegal blackmarket

operations. Cloning in regard to engineered agricultural products, livestock and

research animals is expected to be much more common and create significant changes by

2015.

2015 - Autopilot Vehicles Common

It is expected that by 2015 a number of models of popular cars and trucks will be

equipped to drive themselves at least part of the time with the help of on-board

computers, GPS satellite navigation, and sensors, lasers and video cameras that will

detect other objects around them. However, most experts say that people will generally

want to retain control for some aspects of driving and manual options will still be

included in vehicles.

General Motors announced in 2005 that it expects it could have a self-driving car that

could pilot itself in heavy traffic at a speed of up to 60 mph in production by 2008. A

team from Stanford University won a $2 million cash prize in 2005 for designing a

robotic car that maneuvered across a difficult 132-mile course in the Mojave Desert.

A car on autopilot would allow the driver to take a nap, read or complete work for his or

her job. There might be a feature for dimming the windows or altering their look to

provide a more soothing interior environment with few distractions.

KPMG analyst Bernard Salt says cars will also be "smaller and tailor-made to the owner's

specifications; they will be micro-designed and micro-marketed; an electronic fusion of

home and office; a communications center as much as a means of transportation." He

says people may also have the option of owning cars that have changeable exterior colors

to fit their moods.

2015 - Smart, Adaptable Materials Evolve

Scientists are working on making materials that have one or

more properties that can be dramatically altered. At left is a

smart fluid developed at the Michigan Institute of

Technology. A new generation of "reactive" building

materials and coatings equipped with sensors, actuators and

computers will allow development of such things as:

Aircraft skins that can adapt their shape to offer the

best response to airflow.

Prosthetic arms and legs that allow growth of natural tissue around them.

Small robots that mimic the actions of birds or insects and can be used for

exploration, research or spy missions.

Retro-reflective material that can make it possible for clothing to make the wearer

invisible - seemingly transparent.

Also, buildings, bridges and roads may be equipped to sense changes in the weather and

respond, and they may also be made to detect cracks or other flaws and possibly selfrepair

them.

2015 - Customized Food/Smart Packaging

Everyone has wondered how long they should heat something up in the microwave, and

sometimes a wrong guess can lead to an explosion. By 2015 food may come with

microchips in the packaging that communicate with kitchen appliances regarding

complete storage and preparation instructions. Nutrition scientists also project that

developments in food technology and engineering may enable marketers to offer

convenient healthy snacks that are customized at the point of sale to meet each individual

consumer's nutritional requirements and personal preferences.

Other Possibilities by 2015

The following are excerpted from the British Telecom Technology Timeline (information

was compiled by Ian Neild and Ian Pearson from worldwide sci-tech reports in 2005):

Highest-earning celebrity is synthetic

Dolls come with a personality chip and full sensory input

25 percent of TV celebrities are synthetic

Expert systems surpass average human learning and logic abilities

Computer agents start being thought of as colleagues instead of tools

Autonomous AI sales staff units become AI stalkers

First multi-celled organism assembled from scratch

Self-aware machine intelligence

Computer-enhanced dreaming

Thought-recognition used in sleep enhancement

High-speed civil transport supersonic jet, 300 passengers, 1,500 mph

GPS and engine-management systems linked to limit speed automatically

Paper and coins largely replaced by electronic cash

Most tickets electronic

Personal taxation at point of sale

Automatic dialing from smart business cards

Augmented-reality overlays used in stores

Reverse auctions in personal shopping devices (nearby stores bid to provide items

on shopping list)

Hotel in orbit

Scalable AI as major military threat

Positive clean ID required for access to many places

Terrorist use of genetic modification to pollute crops and damage economy

Most fighters and bombers flown remotely

Use of network resonance as security threat

Ambient intelligence detection of minor crimes & anti-social behavior

Identity theft forces all transactions to use biometrics

Domestic augmented-reality used to give virtual makeovers

Biometric ID required for every phone call

Use of mutant insects for attack purposes

Robot dance tutors

Nanowalkers, nanoworms, nanofish

Mechanical intelligence using MEMS and NEMS

Supercomputers with speed exceeding 1 ExaFLOPS

DNA computer

Use of bacteria for processing and storage

Desktop computer as fast as human brain

Use of polymer gels for information processing

Kitchen rage caused by electronic gadgets

Electronic implant equivalent to Botox

Use of virtual-reality scenes in household rooms as decor

Replacement of people leads to anti-technology subculture

Most electronic toys are hybrids, with half on internet

Anti-noise technology built into homes

Active wallpaper responds to inhabitants' moods, etc.

Neighborhood video surveillance networks

Washing machine aware of contents and selects cycle

Augmented-reality offices used in telework centers

Palm-top printing puts buttons on skin

Glasses-based computer displays dominate in the office

Electronic responses can be automated based on conversational inference

Windows with coatings to re-direct sunlight

Nanotechnology toys

Paper money replaced by smart media

Spread of nomadic information companies leads to global taxation

Academic learning is argued to be unnecessary in the age of smart machines

Integrated taxation in all transactions

Return-to-sender viruses, corporate counterattacks

Nano devices roaming within blood vessels under own power

Use of human's own tissues to grow replacement organs

Direct electronic pleasure production

Context-sensitive cyber-drugs

Electronic stimulation of brain sensations as recreational substitute for drugs

Some implants seen as status symbols

Gene-gel stimulation of re-growth of natural teeth on demand

Retina regeneration using fetal retinal cell injection

Emotion logging and recording

Emotionally specific drugs

Micro-fluidic chips used for gene sequencing in every GP surgery

Self-certification for prescriptions using electronic diagnostics

Outpatients at home - remote tele-medical consultations

Genetic links of all 90 percent of diseases identified

Individual's genome part of their medical record

Synthetic organs created by printing layers of cells

Synthetic viruses created

Sensory augmentation using sensory implants, nanoparticles etc.

Use of stem cells to treat human brain after strokes or accidents

Gene therapy generates new hair cells in humans

Sensory implants allows direct sensing of cyberspace entities

Robotic cleaners in hospitals

Biometrics and medical tests linked to benefits and disability allowance

Forward 150 - 2016-2025

2020 - Immersive Virtual-Reality Worlds

People will spend a large amount of time in virtual-reality worlds in which they will

compete, socialize, relax, be entertained and do business by the year 2020. British

Telecom futurologist Ian Pearson says immersive computer-generated environments will

give people "a life-size, 3-D image and the links to your nervous system allow you to

shake hands, it's like being in the other person's office. It's impossible to believe that

won't be the normal way of communicating." By 2005, GeoSim, based in Israel, was

thoroughly digitizing detail about major cities - see the rendering of Philadelphia above.

Virtual reality may come to mean more to some people than our first reality, and this

could generate a number of problems for humankind, especially because it will become

prevalent and compelling at a time in our history when humans may actually be under

threat of their own inventions. Due to the confluence of nanotechnology, robotics and

genetic breakthroughs there is a possibility that control of the world may be shifting

toward artificially intelligent entities. Humans have to be on their toes, and not lounging

in some virtual paradise.

2020 - Ubiquitous Robots

Futurists and technology experts say robots and artificial intelligence of various sorts will

become an accepted part of daily life by the year 2020 and will almost completely take

over physical work. Our society will become a care economy. Robots will take over the

physical jobs, they will evolve to be smarter than humans, and they are expected to be

granted their own set of rights by 2020. Futurologist Ian Pearson projects that robots will

be fully conscious, with superhuman levels of intelligence, by this time.

"Consciousness is just another sense, effectively, and that's what

we're trying to design in a computer," he told The Observer, a UK

newspaper, in 2005. He added that this could make it possible to

program "emotional" machines, such as airplanes that are afraid of

crashing. The image at left shows a nano-size electric motor created

at Berkeley Lab in 2005. Attach wings or legs, and it could be as fast

and nimble as a housefly. (Picture courtesy Zettl Research Group.)

Some futurists say humans will increase their intellects to keep up with their creations,

others are concerned that the acceleration of technology will outrun humans' ability to

keep pace. It is possible that by 2020 supercomputers and the enhancement of human

intelligence through brain downloads or implants will allow humans to be equal or

superior to artificial-intelligence entities.

No matter how it goes, as robots become more developed and human-like it will be

necessary to adjust to the way in which such entities will fit within our social systems.

2020 - Emotion-Control Devices

Experts say psychopaths and criminals could be "cured" with the development of

emotion-control devices by 2020. The devices will be placed in the areas of the brain that

make these people different and help them to lead more normal, productive lives.

2025 - Paint-On Power Generation

Scientists say it is quite likely that developments in nanotechnology and the science of

coatings will yield nano solar cells - each just a billionth of a meter in diameter. They will

be sensitive enough to generate power from any light source - even infrared light that can

be found indoors - and they will be painted or sprayed onto surfaces everywhere to

provide a power source.

These inexpensive electricity-generating surfaces can keep our many digital devices fully

charged without any effort on our part.

2025 - Holographic Television

It is expected that by 2025 or sooner humans will be able to watch three-dimensional

programming, suspended in mid-air and delivering entertainment, informational and

educational programs. Sporting events and film actors will seem to appear in the middle

of your living room as if they were standing there in real life. It's also expected that

humans will be able to make themselves characters in their favorite sporting events or

films.

Other Possibilities by 2016-2025

The following are excerpted from the British Telecom Technology Timeline (information

was compiled by Ian Neild and Ian Pearson from worldwide sci-tech reports in 2005):

AI technology imitating thinking processes of the brain

AI teachers get better results than most human teachers

AI starts being noticed as a source of redundancy

Computers write most of their own software

Human knowledge is exceeded by machine knowledge

Electronic pets outnumber organic pets

Electronic life form given basic rights

Artificial insects and small animals with artificial brains

AI entity becomes a Member of British Parliament

Smart bacteria contains electronics and is linked to net

AI brings chimpanzee or dolphin up to human-level intelligence

AI entity awarded Nobel Prize

Virus wipes out half of the electronic pet population

Remote-control devices built into living pets

AI entities given the right to vote

Nanotech-based organism colonies built

Synthetic bacteria is created

Artificial sensors used in cosmetic upgrade surgery

Smart makeup works to improve people's looks

Listing of individual's DNA for $1 (10M key base pairs)

More people using telework centers than home working

Telework centers double as community resources

Police force privatized in many nations

Films where viewers can choose who acts in each role

Autonomous production plants make everything

Retirement age begins to be linked to a person's medical history

Holodecks using room lined completely with polymer screens

Thought recognition as an everyday input process

Self-diagnostic, self-repairing robots

War fought entirely between robot armies

ID cards replaced by biometric scanning

Fuel cells replace internal-combustion engines

Life expectancy approaches 100

Forward 150 - 2026-2045

2035 - Biostasis in Space

As technology accelerates, space travel is expected to become as prevalent and easy as

people expected it to be by now. In the 1930s, some people expected humans would have

accomplished intergalactic travel by the year 2006. While that was not the case, it is

expected that by 2035 it will be possible for astronauts to travel extremely far distances to

visit other planets without aging.

If teleportation has not yet been accomplished at this point, humans will enter into a state

of hibernation for long journeys. The body's metabolism will be slowed to prevent aging

on trips that last several decades. The astronauts or travelers will sleep the entire trip

while being connected to drips that will provide them with nutrients and vitamins

necessary to live.

2045 or Beyond - The Singularity

The Singularity is a phrase that describes a time at

which the simultaneous acceleration of

nanotechnology, robotics and genetics change our

environment beyond the ability of humans to

comprehend or predict. At this point, new realities

will prevail and there will be a new norm.

Scientists, including National Technology Medal

winner Ray Kurzweil (author of "The Singularity

is Near") say economic, social and political

structures will completely change - possibly

overnight. Vernor Vinge, a scientist and teacher,

says The Singularity could arrive as instantly as

an earthquake and completely change all terrain as

we know it.

"When greater-than-human intelligence drives

progress," Vinge writes, "that progress will be

much more rapid." This accelerating loop of selfimproving

intelligence could cause a large jump in progress in a very brief period of time

- this is being called a "hard takeoff" by people interested in this theory of development.

Kurzweil sees a more gradual acceleration - a "soft takeoff" - one in which humans work

to also extend their intellectual capacity to keep up with artificially intelligent entities.

Still, he predicts that The Singularity could come as soon as 2045.

The Singularity presents the idea that biological life may eventually be replaced by selfengineering,

self-replicating intelligences. Some people posit the extreme, "grey goo"

scenario, in which nanotechnology - not the sleek, humanoid robots seen in popular films,

but a mass of gunk - displaces humans. Some researchers say that matter could be

engineered to embody vast computational capacities - that entire planets or stars may be

converted to what is sometimes called "computronium," a form of matter that is an

intelligence.

2040 to 2045 - Space Elevator/Moon Base

Planning has already begun for a carbon nanotube cable to run from one or more floating

ocean platforms to one or more satellites, connecting Earth to space. Cargo and

passengers will be sent up and down the cable as on a really, really tall elevator. The

orbiting station to which each cable connects can be used as a launching area for further

space exploration, a space-based observation post and a facility for accomplishing

experiments and manufacturing efforts that are best completed in zero gravity. A village

on the moon will also be established.

Other Possibilities by 2026-2045

The following are excerpted from the British Telecom Technology Timeline (information

was compiled f by Ian Neild and Ian Pearson from worldwide sci-tech reports in 2005):

AI entity sets up higher-level prize for advanced intelligence

Learning superseded by transparent interface to smart computer

Robots physically and mentally superior to humans

Emulation of bio life form inside the computer using protein emulation

Living genetically engineered teddy bear

Production, storage and use of antimatter

Space factories for commercial production

First war without any casualties from friendly fire

Robots outnumber soldiers on battlefield

Smart bacteria used as military threat to mankind

Attacks based on facilitating natural disasters

Smart-bacteria weapons

Gated cities for civilized people

Use of solar wind deflectors to set fire to cities

Nanotech-based virus communicable between machines and people, sent over net

Asteroid diversion used as weapon

Moon base the size of small village

Insect-sized robots banned in gardens due to effects on wildlife

Robotic delivery for internal mail

Robotic exercise companion

More robots than people in developed countries

Android gladiators

Genetic modification used to make organic robots

i-Robot-style robots with polymer muscles and strong AI

Emotion transmission and conversion (feel love or anger)

Digital image overlays enhance relationships

Global voting is held on some issues

Network-based telepathy begins to take place online

Language teaching decline due to machine translation services

Learning superseded by transparent interface to smart computers

95 percent of people in advanced nations are computer literate

VR extensively used in retirement homes

Restricted capability home genetic engineering kits

Experience recording allows retention of complete set of sensations

"Running man"-style entertainment shows using androids

Widespread use of sensors in the countryside

Artificial precipitation induction & control

Global environmental-management corporations

Electronic memory enhancement

Many new forms of plants and animals from genetic engineering

Nanobots in toothpaste attack plaque

Fully functioning artificial eyes

Electronic brain implants

Genetic, chemical and physiological bases of human behavior understood

DNA compression used to create optimal organisms

Virus crosses over from machine to human

Synthetic immune system

Artificial peripheral nerves

Sims game using real genetics

Forward 150 - 2046-2150

2050 - Mars Colony

A small group of scientists and explorers will form a colony

on Mars. The group will be completely independent,

growing their own food in greenhouses. Both the U.S. space

program and the European Space Agency have projected a

long-term vision of a mission to Mars before 2030, with the

idea of developing a colony. Many supporters for such a

colony are already making plans. You can read about them

at various sites, including Red Colony.com, which offers the mars exploration illustration

above.

2050 and Beyond - Time Travel

Amos Ori, a physics professor at Technion University in Israel, said in 2005 that he has

compiled a mathematical model that defines the conditions under which time travel might

be successful. He said our laws of physics do not rule out the possibility of time travel,

and he said "I write mathematically. That doesn't mean I know how to implement it

practically. However … if inhabitants of some highly advanced civilization could set up

the conditions … they might be able to travel in time." He is quoted in an article in USA

Today saying it will require "absolute emptiness - a vacuum … That means that, in

principle, a closed, time-like curve could happen naturally, possibly through cataclysmic

astronomical collisions in the abyss of space."

2050 and Beyond - Brain Downloading

According to Ian Pearson, a British Telecom "futurologist," humans will be able to

download information, images, memories, feelings and more to their brains by the year

2050. Also, by this time everything already in your brain can be downloaded to a

computer and saved. This will allow digital immortality, because a person's brain activity

can be saved forever and also downloaded and uploaded forever.

Other Possibilities by 2046-2150

The following are excerpted from the British Telecom Technology Timeline (information

was compiled by Ian Neild and Ian Pearson from worldwide sci-tech reports in 2005):

Political correctness creates new dark age

Whole generation unable to effectively read, write, think, and work

Human genetic engineering creates hostile super-race

Humans assimilated into net

Time travel works with humans

Immortality chip - people move into cyberspace

Faster-than-light travel by 2100

Forward 150 - Related Resources

SITES - For online information about the future, try these links:

Kurzweil Accelerating Intelligence Network:

http://www.kurzweilai.net

The Institute for the Future:

http://www.iftf.org/features/reports.html

The Foresight Nanotech Institute:

http://www.foresight.org/

Acceleration Studies Foundation:

http://accelerating.org/

The British Telecom Timeline:

http://www.btplc.com/Innovation/News/timeline/TechnologyTimeline.pdf

The Millennium Project of the United Nations University:

http://www.acunu.org/

World Futures Studies Federation:

http://www.wfsf.org/index.shtml

Global Business Network - consultants exploring the future:

http://www.gbn.com

The Worldwatch Institute:

http://www.worldwatch.org

The World Future Society

http://www.wfs.org

The Foundation for the Future

http://www.futurefoundation.org

Association of Professional Futurists:

http://www.profuturists.com/perspective/

The Club of Rome - global think tank:

http://www.clubofrome.org

The Long Bets Foundation - Accountable Predictions:

http://www.longbets.org

Future Studies page:

http://www.future-studies.com/

Plausible Futures Newsletter - News and Analysis for Future Studies:

http://www.plausiblefutures.com

RAND - a non-profit think tank

http://www.rand.org

The National Intelligence Council Report on the Future:

http://www.ey.com/global/content.nsf/International/Biotechnology_Report_2005

The Harrow Technology Report:

http://www.theharrowgroup.com/

Center for Responsible Nanotechnology:

http://www.crnano.org/action.htm

Institute for Alternative Futures:

http://www.altfutures.com/

The Extropy Institute - a transhumanist site

http://www.extropy.org

Hawaii Research Center for Futures Studies:

http://www.futures.hawaii.edu/

The DaVinci Insitute - Unlocking Your Future:

http://www.davinciinstitute.com/

Red Colony.com - The Future of Mars Today:

http://www.redcolony.com

Space.com:

http://www.space.com

Futurist.com:

http://www.futurist.com

FUTUREdition - The Arlington Institute:

http://www.arlingtoninstitute.org/

Future FEEDER.com:

http://futurefeeder.com

BOOKS - To read more about the future, check these titles:

The staff at the Acceleration Studies Foundation recommends the following 50 titles as being best for studying accelerating change and projecting what might come in the years ahead:

Big Picture - "A Brief History of Everything," Ken Wilber, 2001; "Global Brain: The Evolution of the Mass Mind from the Big Bang to the 21st Century," Howard Bloom, 2000; "Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies," Jared Diamond, 1999;

"Nonzero: The Logic of Human Destiny," Robert Wright, 2000; "The Singularity is Near," Ray Kurzweil, 2005.

Business - "Creative Destruction," Richard Foster and Sarah Kaplan, 2001; "It's Not the Big That Eat the Small, It's the Fast that Eat the Slow," Jason Jennings, 2002; "Leading the Revolution: Making Innovation a Way of Life," Gary Hamel, 2002; "Seeing What's Next," Clayton Christiansen, 2004 ; "The Balanced Scorecard: Translating Strategy into Action," Robert Kaplan and David Norton, 1996; "The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid," C.K. Prahalad, 2004; "The Intelligent Investor," Benjamin Graham, 2003;

"The World is Flat," Thomas Friedman, 2005.

Science/Science Theory - "An Introduction to General Systems Thinking," Gerald Weinberg, 1975/2001; "Biocosm," James Gardner, 2003; "Cosmic Evolution: The Rise of Complexity in Nature," Eric Chaisson, 2002; "Life's Solution: Inevitable Humans in a

Lonely Universe," Simon Conway Morris, 2003; "Linked: The New Science of Networks," Albert Barabasi, 2002; "Six Degrees: The Science of a Connected Age,"

Duncan Watts, 2003; "Ubiquity: The Science of History, Or Why the World is Simpler than You Think," Mark Buchanan, 2001.

Society, Politics, and Humanism - "Development as Freedom," Amartya Sen, 2000;

"Diffusion of Innovations," Everett Rogers, 2003; "Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds," Charles MacKay, 1841/1995; "From Third World to First: The Singapore Story, 1965-2000," Lee Kuan Yew, 2000; "In Defense of Globalization,"

Jadgish Bhagwati, 2004; "Millennials Rising," Niel Howe and William Strauss, 2000;

"Out of Control: The New Biology of Machines, Social Systems, and the Economic World," Kevin Kelly, 1994; "The Future of Freedom," Fareed Zakaria, 2003; "The Mystery of Capital," Hernando De Soto, 2003; "The Tipping Point: How Little Things

Can Make a Big Difference," Malcolm Gladwell, 2002; "The Wisdom of Crowds," James Surowiecki, 2004.

Technology - "Digital Biology", Peter Bentley, 2000; "Flesh and Machines: How Robots Will Change Us," Rodney Brooks, 2002; "Nanotechnology: A Gentle Introduction to the Next Big Idea," Mark Ratner, 2002; "Natural-Born Cyborgs: Minds,

Technologies, and the Future of Human Intelligence," Andy Clark, 2003; "Net Attitude,"

John Patrick, 2001; "On Intelligence," Jeff Hawkins, 2004. "Our Posthuman Future: Consequences of the Biotechnology Revolution," Francis Fukuyama, 2002; "Persuasive Technology: Using Computers to Change What We Think and Do," B.J. Fogg, 2002.

"The Age of Spiritual Machines," Ray Kurzweil, 1999; "Visions of Technology: A Century of Vital Debate about Machines, Systems, and the Human World," Richard Rhodes, 2000; "Visualize This: Collaboration, Communication, and Commerce in the 21st Century," Joe Clabby, 2001; "When Things Start to Think," Niel Gershenfeld, 2000.

Trends and Indicators - "2000 Index of Economic Freedom," Gerald O'Driscoll, 1999 - "Global Trends 2005: A Owner's Manual for the Next Decade," Michael Mazarr, 2001; "It's Getting Better All the Time: 100 Greatest Trends in the Last 100 Years," Stephen

Moore and Julian Simon, 2000; "Penguin Atlas of War and Peace," Dan Smith, 2003; "Penguin State of the World Atlas," Dan Smith, 2003; "The First Measured Century: Trends in America, 1900-2000" Theodore Caplow et. al., 2000; "The Progress Paradox:

How Life Gets Better While People Feel Worse," Gregg Easterbrook, 2003; "World Factbook 2004" Central Intelligence Agency, 2003; "The World in 2020," Hamish MacRae, 1996

World Security/Outlook/Environment - "Of Paradise and Power," Robert Kagan, 2003; "Global Crises, Global Solutions," Bjorn Lomborg (Ed.), 2004; "The Pentagon's New Map," Thomas Barnett, 2004; "The Skeptical Environmentalist," Bjorn Lomborg,

2001; "The Transparent Society," David Brin, 1998 Youth Reading - "Tackling Tomorrow Today," Art Shostak (Ed.), 2005. (Four-volume set).

Excerpted the Elon University/Pew Internet

Imagining the Internet site: www.elon.edu/predictions

God's Gift

http://www.internet-successkey.com

http://www.internetbusinessformula.com.

http://www.reference.com/Dir/Science/Physics

http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/patterns/library/#redbooks

http://www.census.gov/acsd/www/subjects.html

http://dmoz.org/Regional/North_America/United_States/

http://www.teacheroz.com/states.htm

http://www.statistics.gov.uk/StatBase/Product.asp?vlnk=5703

http://www.london-dir.co.uk/

http://www.callsure07050.co.uk/0207numbers.html

http://www.london.ca/phones/_private/asps/general.asp

http://www.london.ca/_private/Business/Business.htm

http://www.ntslibrary.com/Christian-PDF-Books.htm

http://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/offices/education/lts/

http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/teachingenglish/index.shtml#plans

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/8f/Whole_world_-_land_and_oceans_12000.jpg

http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readstep2.html

http://dicts.info/dictlist1.php

http://www.ncte.org/collections/weblit

http://www.bartleby.com/

http://www.bravenet.com/

http://www.datadoctor.biz/

http://sciencekit.com/article.asp?ai=21

http://www.policyalmanac.org/economic/job_training.shtml

http://www.csuchico.edu/mgmt/strategy/

http://www.pct.edu/k12/gov-math/2005/anchor-cards.html

http://www.knowledgepresenter.com/home.htm?http://www.knowledgepresenter.com/support/freeguide.htm

http://www.knowledgepresenter.com/kpuniversity/2006/index.html?http://www.knowledgepresenter.com/kpuniversity/2006/whitepapers/index.html?http://www.knowledgepresenter.com/kpuniversity/2006/whitepapers/lal.htm

http://www.rickhershberger.com/bioactivesite/elemsci/elemsci_web.htm

http://www.project2061.org/publications/bsl/online/ch1/ch1.htm?txtRef=&txtURIOld=%2Ftools%2Fbenchol%2Fch1%2Fch1%2Ehtml

The most important website for education

http://www.thegraceacademy.org/articles/educational_directories.html

http://www.isbe.state.il.us/assessment/science.htm

http://developer.yahoo.com/yui/

1 http://search.yahoo.com/search;_ylt=A0geuoTO9GpFYXkBDIGl87UF?ei=UTF-8&fr=sfp&p=Teachers

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/plato-republic.txt

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/india/indiasbook.html

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook2.html#scirev

http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/bookloversguidetotheinternet.htm

Spirituality

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spirituality

http://search.yahoo.com/search?p=Spiritual&fr=yfp-t-501&toggle=1&cop=mss&ei=UTF-8

http://www.google.co.in/search?hl=en&q=Spiritual&btnG=Google+Search&meta=

http://www.kabbalah.com/kabbalah/?ref=quigo&kw=NA&source=ink

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spirituality_Studies

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistemology

http://www.allspiritual.com/

http://www.thegodlight.co.uk/

http://www.thespiritual.org/

http://www.noetic.org/

http://www.learninglight.net/

http://www.eomega.org/

http://www.yogananda-srf.org/

http://www.hull.ac.uk/php/isg/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spirituality

Search me, O my God, and know my heart; test me and know my heart; test me and my anxious thoughts. Psalm 139:23

http://www.prayertower.net/pulse/RACE_files/frame.htm

http://www.apdip.net/publications/iespprimers/eprimer-edu.pdf

http://www.byki.com/download_FLS.pl?cod=Uvei1

http://www.jump-gate.com/languages/french/

http://dir.yahoo.com/Education/

Infomine:

http://infomine.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/canned_search

http://infomine.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/search?category=physci

http://www.cde.ca.gov/re/pn/fd/sci-frame-dwnld.asp

Free Down Loads

http://www.cde.ca.gov/re/pn/fd/

http://www.cde.ca.gov/re/di/fd/

Education: http://www.hti.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=moa;idno=AKA5200.0001.001

Mathematics Framework 2005 California: http://www.cde.ca.gov/ci/ma/cf/index.asp

Science for all Americans:
http://www.project2061.org/publications/sfaa/online/sfaatoc.htm?txtRef=&txtURIOld=%2Ftools%2Fsfaaol%2Fsfaatoc%2Ehtm

Science for all Americans

Score: 25

AAAS Project 2061 promotes science literacy and science education reform. Science literacy is defined by broad connections among ideas in the natural and social sciences, mathematics, and technology. This online book is equivalent to the 1991 272-page printed book available from Oxford University Press. This website shows the Table of Contents for the following book-chapters (taken from http://www.project2061.org/tools/sfaa/default.htm):

 The Nature of Science -- includes the scientific world view, scientific methods of inquiry, and the nature of the scientific enterprise.

 The Nature of Mathematics -- describes the creative processes involved in both theoretical and applied mathematics.

 The Nature of Technology -- examines how technology extends our abilities to change the world and the tradeoffs necessarily involved.

 The Physical Setting -- lays out basic ideas about the content and structure of the universe (on astronomical, terrestrial, and sub-microscopic levels) and the physical principles on which it seems to run.

 The Living Environment -- delineates basic facts and ideas about how living things function and how they interact with one another and their environment.

 The Human Organism -- discusses human biology as exemplary of biological systems.

 Human Society -- considers individual and group behavior, social organizations, and the process of social change.

 The Designed World -- reviews principles of how people shape and control the world through some key areas of technology.

 The Mathematical World -- gives basic mathematical ideas, especially those with practical application, that together play a key role in almost all human endeavors.

 Historical Perspectives -- illustrates the science enterprise with ten examples of exceptional significance in the development of science.

 Common Themes -- presents general concepts, such as systems and models, that cut across science, mathematics, and technology.

 Habits of Mind -- sketches the attitudes, skills, and ways of thinking that are essential to science literacy.

Programming in C: http://www.cs.cf.ac.uk/Dave/C/CE.html

English Language Arts

| Updated 1.2.2006
| contact Charles Hill - chill @WappingersSchools.org

www.WappingersSchools.org

| Home Page | Governmental Orgs | Public Groups |

Government Organizations

Alabama: Classroom Improvement
To view copies of the state standards, select the publications pop-up link on the left of the screen and select the relevant subject. The list currently includes links to rich text documents for the arts, ELA, math, PE, science, and social studies. An 'Others' option leads to documents for foreign language, health, and a combination of K-8 technology and 9-12 computer applications. A 'Draft' link currently leads to a January 2005 science draft.

Alaska: Alaska Content Standards
Links to pages with general content standards for the arts, ELA, health, information literacy, math, science, social studies, technology, and world languages.
Alaska: Standards
Links to a variety of documents, most in Acrobat format, including a booklet of student standards, a page with links to performance standards in ELA and math, a page of grades 3 to 10 grade level expectations in ELA and math, standards for administrators, alternative performance standards for students with disabilities, standards for LEP students, standards for quality schools, standards for teachers, and standards for culturally responsible schools. There is no link on this page to the state's content standards.
Arizona: Content Standards
Links to standards documents, most in Acrobat or MS Word format and many organized by grade level, in the areas of the arts, ELA, foreign and native language, functional standards (for students with significant disabilities), health and PE, math, science, social studies, technology, and workplace skills (such as decision making, problem solving, career awareness, technology, and computer skills).
Arkansas: Curriculum Frameworks
The Arkansas standards appear in its various curriculum framework documents, each of which is subject to revision on a six year cycle. The frameworks cover the topics of Arkansas history, ELA, fine arts, foreign language, math, music, PE and health, science, and social studies. A typical MS Word or Adobe Acrobat copy of a pre-2003 framework contains standards, grade level student learning expectations (K-4, 5-8, 9-12), and selected assessment and instructional ideas. Frameworks developed in or after 2003 offer more detail, especially on a grade level basis. The revision cycle: ELA (2003); math (2004); science, health and PE (2005); social studies (2006); foreign language (2007); fine arts (2008).
California: Curriculum and Instruction
Subject area links go to related standards documents and instructional resources. The content standards link leads to web and Adobe Acrobat copies of documents for the arts, ELA, math, science, and social studies as well as to an Acrobat copy of ELL standards. Standards are listed by grade or, when more appropriate, by secondary course. The curriculum frameworks link leads to frameworks for the arts, ELA, foreign language, health, math, PE, science, and social studies in Acrobat format as well as to a number of related documents, including a schedule of framework development. The Curriculum and Instruction page also highlights recently approved as well as draft frameworks. As of February 2005, the draft math framework was scheduled for public hearing by the State Board of Education in March.
Colorado: Colorado K-12 Academic Standards
A typical standards document contains relevant standards accompanied by grade level (K-4, 5-8, 9-12) understandings. Available in both Acrobat and web versions, the standards cover the areas of civics, dance, economics, foreign language, geography, history, math, music, PE, science, reading and writing, theatre, and the visual arts.
Delaware: DOE Professional & Curriculum Standards
Contains links to separate pages or pdfs for content standards and, in many cases, sample assessments and activities for Agriscience, Business, English Language Arts, Foreign Language, Family and Consumer Sciences, Functional Life Skills, Health, Math, Physical Education, Science, Social Studies, and Visual and Performing Arts. There is a link to the state's Teachers' Desk Reference, containing pdfs of K-5, 6-8, and 9-12 standards and performance indicators in ELA, math, science, and social studies.
District of Columbia: Content Standards
This page contains a description of the district's standards-based system. Highlighted links to 'Standards for Teaching and Learning' at the elementary and secondary levels lead to Adobe Acrobat copies of standards documents for the arts, ELA, math, science, and social studies at each grade level. A typical document contains content standards, each with related general performance standards, more detailed 'essential skills,' and expectations for technology integration.
Florida: Sunshine State Standards
Standards organized by subject and grade level grouping (preK-2, 3-5, 6-8, and 9-12) for the arts, ELA, foreign languages, health, math, PE, science, and social studies. With the exception of foreign language, health, and PE, there are separate documents that also contain grade level expectations.
Georgia: Georgia Learning Connections
A searchable web site that integrates the state's Quality Core Curriculum (QCC) standards with instructional and assessment resources. The QCC are being replaced by Georgia Performance Standards in the areas of ELA, math, science, and social studies. All other QCC subjects with remain within the QCC framework.
Georgia: Georgia Performance Standards
A site devoted to an ongoing revision process in the state's performance standards in ELA, math, science, and social studies.
Hawaii: Hawaii Content and Performance Standards Database
A searchable database that is part of the state's 'Standards Toolkit.' Select a subject and grade level to get relevant standards and in many, but not all, cases benchmarks and performance indicators for each standard. Links at the top of each set of search results lead to a related instructional guide, curriculum framework, and scope and sequence - all in Adobe Acrobat format. The toolkit has been designed to contain resources for ELA, math, science, social studies, career and technical education, educational technology, fine arts, health, PE, and world languages.
Idaho: Standards
A variety of links related to curriculum and standards - including the final, January 2005, version of ÔPower Standards By Grade,' for ELA, math, science, and social studies.
Idaho: Achievement Standards
The Idaho State Board of Education operates this page to provide school districts with copies of the minimum standards they must incorporate into their own academic standards. Teacher Guides that include standards and performance indicators are available for ELA, health, humanities, math, science, and social studies.
Illinois: Illinois Learning Standards
Illinois has retained the standards it adopted in 1997 in the areas of the arts, ELA, foreign language, math, PE, science, social/emotional learning, and social studies. This page has links to the state goals and standards as they apply to each subject as well as to related performance measures and instructional resources. It also has links to ELL proficiency standards.
Indiana: Indiana's Academic Standards & Resources
Standards for ELA, math, science and social studies by grade level through grade 8 and by high school course. By selecting the appropriate drop down menu, you can drill down into each subject area, grade level standard; once there, you can select a link to relevant classroom activities and classroom assessments. The site also has standards for guidance (academic, career, and citizenahip development), grouped by grade level clusters (K-2, 3-5, etc) and links to standards documents in the areas of business, career and technical programs, the arts, dance, FACS, foreign languages, health, library information literacy, physical education, technology, and theatre.
Iowa: Core Content Standards and Benchmarks Corresponding to the Iowa Tests
Short lists of basic benchmarks, grouped by grade levels (3-5, 6-9, 10-12) for reading and math.
Iowa: English Language Learners - Standards
A 2005 document that helps districts develop English language proficiency standards.
Kansas: Curriculum Standards
Standards with benchmarks and performance indicators in the areas of communications (reading and writing), ESL, environmental education, fine arts, foreign language, health, library media, math, physical education, science, and social studies. The 2004 drafts of the health standard and the various social studies standards are linked to this page as documents. The 2004 science standard draft has its own web page.
Kentucky: Student Performance Standards Downloads
Adobe Acrobat copies of the state's 2001 student performance standards for elementary, middle, and high school levels in the arts and humanities, math, practical liviing and vocational studies, reading, science, social studies, writing, and world language.
Kentucky: Kentucky's Learning Goals and Academic Expectations
The state's six core goals for its educational program, accompanied by an extensive list of academic expectations, and a link to its 'Combined Curriculum Document' - a web page that contains a clickable grid of subjects at different grade levels. A click takes you to another page that shows academic expectations in one column, program of studies information in a second, and core content information in a third.
Louisiana: Division of Student Standards and Assessments
The page is a gateway to the states content standards in the Arts, ELA, Foreign Language, Health and Physical Education, Math, Science, and Social Studies. It also has links to grade level standards and to standards-aligned lessons (called 'Focused Learning Lessons') in ELA, Math, Science and Social Studies.
Maine: State of Maine Learning Results
Published in 1997, the state's 'Learning Results' document contains both general standards and somewhat more specific grade level standards (grouped preK-2, 3-4, 5-8, and secondary grades) in the areas of the arts, career preparation, ELA, health and PE, modern and classical languages, math, science and technology, and social studies.
Maryland: Voluntary State Curriculum
The VSC (or 'Voluntary State Curriculum') combines the earlier Maryland Content Standards with indicators and instructional activities for grades K-8 programs and high school courses in the areas of ELA, math, science, social studies, health, PE, and the arts.
Massachusetts: Frameworks
Links to current curriculum frameworks for the arts, ELA, foreign language, health, math, science and technology, and social studies; to ELL proficiency benchmarks and outcomes; and to supplements to existing frameorks. Most documents are in Adobe Acrobat format; a few are in MS Word; the math document is also available in a web version that has built-in links to explanations of key terms and to sample problems.
Michigan: Michigan Department of Education
On the left side of the department's home page, click on the K-12 Curriculum link for access to the state's standards for the Arts, Career and Employability Skills, ELA, Health, Math, PE, Science, Social Studies, Technology, and World Languages. A click on the right side of the page on Grade Level Content button (under the MDE Quick Links heading) takes you to various pdfs or MS Word documents for parents and staff about grade level expectations in ELA and Math.
Minnesota: Academic Standards
The state has detailed standards documents for the arts, ELA, math, science, and social studies. It has no standards for health or PE but offers a list of resources to help school develop their own. It has no foreign language standards but offers both a list of resources and a download link to an MS Word version of model standards developed by the World Languages Quality Teaching Network for use in Minnesota schools.
Mississippi: K12 Curriculum Framework
Links to content area pges with frameworks and curriculum documents (mostly in MS Word format) in the areas of business and technology, foreign language, ELA, math, PE, science, social studies, visual and performing arts, and vocational education. In some cases, technology integration is highlighted in a resource guide specific to a particular subjects (the 2004 revision of the social studies framework, for example).
Mississippi: MarcoPolo Discovers Mississippi
Curriculum links and resources for state frameworks at each grade level in health, ELA, math, science, and social studies. Similar links are planned for the arts, business and technology, foreign language, PE, and vocational education.
Missouri: The Show-Me Standards
Adopted in 1996, the standards have four global performance standards as well as set of fairly general knowledge standards for the arts, ELA, health and PE, math, science, and social studies.
Missouri: Frameworks for Curriculum Development
Frameworks linked to the 1996 state standards in the areas of the arts, ELA, health and PE, math, science, and social studies.
Montana: Montana Content and Performance Standards
Adobe Acrobat copies of standards for the arts, career and vocational-technical education, ELA, health, library media, math, science, social studie, technology, workplace competencies, and world languages. The standards are benchmarked for the competion of grades 4, 8, and 12.
Nebraska: Academic Standards
Links to pdfs (or other pages with pdfs) for the K-1, 2-4, 5-8, and 9-12 state standards and performance indicators for Math, Reading and Writing, Science, and Social Studies/History. The science and social studies pages also offer STAR standards - a smaller set of assessable standards selected from the larger document. (You have to appreciate the down-to-earth, slightly smiling thought underlying a document called ÔStandards That Are Reported.')
Nebraska: Curriculum and Instruction
Links to curriculum documents and their related standards for Agriculture, Business, Career Education, Character Education, FACS, Foreign Language, Guidance, Health, Industrial Technology, Math, Reading and Writing, Science, Social Studies, Tech Prep, the Visual and Performing Arts, and Workbased Learning.
Nevada: Academic Standards
Content standards with grade level performance indicators in html, MS Word, and Acrobat format for the Arts, Career and Technical Education, Computers and Technology, ELA, Foreign Language, Health, Math, PE, Science, and Social Studies.
New Hampshire: Curriculum Frameworks
Curriculum frameworks (some in Acrobat format, others on their own web pages) for the Arts, Career Development, ELA, Math, Science, and Social Studies.
New Jersey: Core Curriculum Content Standards
Adopted in 1996 and subject to revision every five years, the NJ standards deal with the arts, career education, ELA, FACS, health, math, PE, science, social studies, technological literacy, and world languages. A typical document, available as both a web page and in Adobe Acrobat format, contains the relevant standards, strands, and progress indicators.
New Jersey: NJPEP
NJPEP offers online professional development resources, including a link to state standards and a fair amount of supporting material. The latter include descriptions of the strands within the standards and various classroom activities.
New Jersey: Core Curriculum Standards Resource
A searchable database of New Jersey standards
New Mexico: Standards
Links to content standards, benchmarks, and performance standards for the arts; career readiness; ELA; health; math; modern, classical and native languages; PE; science; and social studies. Each link goes to a subject area page that contains some information about its standards and has links to both MS Word and Adobe Acrobat copies of the relevant standards document. In addition, links at the top of each page go to online versions of the content standards an

Websites for research

http://web.arizona.edu/~sawp/

www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/

www.englishclub.com

www.highschoolhub.org

www.worldlingo.com

http://ets/freetranslation.com

www.voanews.com/specialenglish/index

http://wordnet.princeton.edu

www.wordreference.com

www.tesol.org

www.owl.english.purdue.edu

www.britishcouncil.org/learningenglish

www.thesaurus.reference.com

www.phrases.org.uk

www.worldwidewords.org

www.thefreedictionary.com

http://dumblittleman.blogspot.com

http://del.icio.us/popular/english

http://www.plainlanguage.gov/

www.thegateway.org

www.peevish.co.uk/slang/

http://www.iie.org

www.intensiveenglishusa.com

http://www.wipo.int/portal/index.html.en

http://www.idealist.org

www.makepovertyhistory.org

http://www.1-800-volunteer.org

www.ipl.org

http://lii.org

www.globalvoicesonline.org

www.networkforgood.org

http://learnthenet.com/english/indexhtml

http://jcp.org/en/home/index

www.imdb.com

http://www.bawarchi.com/glossary.html

www.jobs.edufind.com

www.archive.org

www.freetechbooks.com/about64.html

www.cnn.com

http://www.w3schools.com

http://2020ok.com/3966.htm

http://www2020ok.com

www.tea.state.tx.us/

www.education-world.com/

www.thegateway.org

www.readwritethink.org

http://www.springfield.k12.il.us/resources/languagearts/readingwriting/conferring.htm

http://www.annenberginstitute.org/images/proflearning.pdf

http://www.asbj.com/2001/06/0601.research.html

http://writingcommission.org/prod_download/writingcom/neglectedr.pdf.

www.ttms.org

http://ericdigests.org/2003-5/based.htm

http://www.nifl.gov/partnershipforreading/publications/k-3.html

www.aera.net/publications

www.ascd.org

www.reading.org

www.apa.org/journals/edu

www.ncte.org

www.tandf.co.uk/journals

www.journals.uchicago.edu/ESJ/

www.aft.org/topics/sbr/standards.htm

www.ascd.org/publications/ed_update/200201/10.html

www.edweek.com/comtext/topics/issuespage.cfm?id=55

http://reading.indiana.edu/ieo/digests/d161.html

	The Educator's Reference Desk - http://eduref.org Access AskERIC's 2,000+ lesson plans, 3,000+ links to online education information, and 200+ question archive responses.
	Federal Resources for Educational Excellence - http://www.ed.gov/free Thirty federal agencies providing educational resources including lesson plans for all subjects and research support for homework assignments. Link to specific units of study or access the user friendly search engine.
	Students.gov - http://www.students.gov/ A U.S. government interagency portal that provides students with a single point of access to useful services, resources, and information, both government and non-government, available online to college students and their families.
	StudyWeb - http://www.studyweb.com A Web research resource, summarizing thousands of sites useful to both educators and students of all grade levels, in an easy-to-use, organized directory.
	MERLOT (Multimedia Educational Resource for Learning and Online Teaching) - http://www.merlot.org/ A free and open resource designed primarily for faculty and students of higher education. Links to online learning materials are collected here along with annotations such as peer reviews and assignments.

	Annenberg Media - http://www.learner.org/ Offers free teacher professional development, resources, and activities.
	Yahoo! Education - http://education.yahoo.com Online dictionary, thesaurus, encyclopedia, test preparation, homework help, plus educational resources for K-12, college, graduate school and distance learning, and information about schools, colleges, college admissions, and student loans.
	Archaeology Library - http://archnet.asu.edu/ The World-Wide Web Virtual Library for Archaeology. Lists educational resources related to archeology.
	National Center for Education Statistics: Kids' Classroom - http://nces.ed.gov/nceskids/ Directories of schools, colleges, and libraries. Games, tools, multimedia, and a kids magazine.
	Discovery School's Kathy Schrock's Guide for Educators - http://school.discoveryeducation.com/schrockguide/ Kathy Schrock's Guide for Educators is a categorized list of sites useful for enhancing curriculum and professional growth. Includes popular sites for teaching and learning.

	Education Library, University of Virginia - http://www2.lib.virginia.edu/education/ A virtual library for educational resources. Includes online resources related to research, books, technology, and several educational and science related subjects.
	Internet Scout Project - http://wwwscout.cs.wisc.edu/ Librarians and educators do the filtering for you, read the announcements each week looking for the online resources to the education community.
	WWW Virtual Library Women's History - http://www.iisg.nl/w3vlwomenshistory/ Provides educational resources on women's history. Resources are listed by country, and by chronological and alphabetical order.
	SCORE - http://www.score.k12.ca.us/ Web-based classroom resources in history, math, language arts, and social studies from Schools of California including literature guides for many K-12 titles.
	Pacific Bell Knowledge Network Explorer - http://www.kn.pacbell.com/ Supports education by helping schools, libraries, and colleges acquire and effectively use Internet and videoconferencing technology.

	Harcourt - http://www.harcourt.com/ Offers online access to lesson plans and teacher resources for educators teaching grades K-12. Parents can use the educational resources to provide help with homework for their children.
	Education Planet - http://www.educationplanet.com/ Helps teachers, students and parents find a wide variety of the educational resources available on the web.
	Awesome Library - http://www.awesomelibrary.org/ Directory of select online resources relating to education. Separate entry pages for teachers, kids, teens, parents, and librarians. Includes a search engine.
	The Global Schoolhouse - http://www.globalschoolnet.org/GSH/ Links kids, teachers and parents around the world. It has an impressive registry of international projects as well as teacher resources.
	National Clearinghouse for Educational Facilities - http://www.edfacilities.org/ Information resources for people who plan, design, build, and maintain K-12 schools. Provided by the U.S. Department of Education.

	New South Wales Higher School Certificate Online - http://hsc.csu.edu.au/ An information network that serves the Higher School Certificate (K12) needs of students, teachers, schools and subject associations.
	Sites For Teachers - http://www.sitesforteachers.com/ Numerous links to educational Web site. Ratings are recalculated every hour.
	TeachNet.com - http://www.teachnet.com/ Daily tips and creative ideas for busy teachers. Website includes lesson plans, teacher-to-teacher resources and education mailing lists.
	WannaLearn - http://www.wannalearn.com/ Collection of free online tutorials, guides and instructionally oriented sites.
	WorldWide Classroom - http://www.worldwide.edu/ Intercultural and educational programs around the world including university study, adult enrichment, language immersion, teen camps, volunteerism, internships, cultural, craft and heritage programs. Searchable by country, interest, and in six languages.

	The Exploratorium's Ten Cool Sites - http://www.exploratorium.edu/learning_studio/sciencesites.html Rates science, art, and education sites on the web.
	WorldInfoZone - http://www.worldinfozone.com/ Original content on over 60 areas of the world with thousands of checked links covering every area of the school curriculum.
	Teachers@work - http://www.treadwell.co.nz Reviewed websites for teachers, school policies, critical thinking skills and network architecture.
	Philosophy Virtual Library - http://www.bristol.ac.uk/philosophy/department/resources/virtual.html Includes resources on philosophy and its subfields, as well as several philosophers.
	The Copernicus Education Gateway - http://www.edgate.com/ Online directory of websites offering educational resources.

	UBC Education Library - http://www.library.ubc.ca/edlib/ UBC's virtual education library. Provides a database of websites on classroom resources, research resources, essential education contacts and educational guides.
	New Horizons for Learning - http://www.newhorizons.org/ Presents articles and information on special issues in education, from restructuring schools to technology and adult education.
	International Education Media - http://www.internationaleducationmedia.com/ A directory of universities, colleges, and schools worldwide.
	TrackStar - http://trackstar.4teachers.org/trackstar/ Helps instructors organize and annotate Web sites for use in lessons.
	Topmarks Education - http://www.topmarks.co.uk Educational search engine aimed at teachers, pupils and parents.

	EduHound - http://www.eduhound.com/ Directory of education-related sites.
	Teaching and Learning on the Web - http://www.mcli.dist.maricopa.edu/tl/ A large, dynamic, searchable collection of web sites that are used for learning. Provided by Maricopa Community Colleges.
	The Virtual Schoolhouse - http://www.ibiblio.org/cisco/schoolhouse/ Resources for teachers and administrators.
	Education Library, University of Florida - http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/educ/ Includes links to key databases and research guides. Subjects covered include a variety of areas such as educational psychology, educational technology, and art education.
	AllSchools - http://www.allschools.com/ A searchable school directory that lists the name, address, phone, fax, email and web address for more than 4,000 schools.

	Teacher TidBytes - http://www.teachertidbytes.com/ Internet resources based upon classroom curriculum, kids pages, student-teacher tutorials, web-integrated lesson plans
	TEAMS Distance Learning - http://teams.lacoe.edu/ Provides elementary and middle school teachers support in the areas of content mastery, skill enhancement, and instructional modeling for K12 Educators.
	Searcs Web Guide to Irish Studies - http://www.searcs-web.com Online Irish resources-choose your topic.
	Gigglepotz - http://www.gigglepotz.com/ Provides information and directory of free resources for teachers, students, and parents.
	Eduseek - http://www.eduseek.com/ Searchable database of educational websites ranked by appropriate age.

	Surfaquarium - http://surfaquarium.com Educational resources for teachers, students and parents provided by a veteran educator.
	Teach the Children Well - http://www.teachthechildrenwell.com/ Directory of sites for educators based on the curriculum for kindergarten through fourth grade.
	EduHound Schools on the Web - http://www.eduhoundschoolsontheweb.com/ Listings of US schools, districts, private and public K-12 schools online featuring listings by state, city or town and grade level.
	College Directory Network - http://www.collegedirectorynetwork.com Allows prospective students to identify, research, and request information from a large database of post-secondary educational opportunities.
	Internet Colleges - http://www.internet-colleges.net/ Includes online college rankings, scholarship and loan resources and lists of online colleges by state/country.

	Revisiontime - http://www.revisiontime.com Free-to-use education portal for students, parents and teachers.
	Free Worksheets and Educational Resources - http://www.happychild.org.uk/wks/index.htm Index to free worksheets and educational resources on the Internet; articles on accelerated learning, free reading system, website building guide; and projects helping disadvantaged children across the world.
	Floyd Ingram's Resources Center - http://coatopa.com/fi-edu.html Links to K-12, higher education and including distance learning sites.
	Stephen Carr's Education and Fun Index - http://home.earthlink.net/~stcarr Large index of education resources: math, science, fun, and educational; woman in math, jobs that use math, jokes, Internet bumper stickers.
	Education World - http://www.education-world.com/ A resource which includes a search engine for thousands of educational resources.

	Reach Every Child - http://www.reacheverychild.com/ Resources for teachers and students.
	SchoolAtlas.com - http://www.schoolatlas.com/ Hundreds of categorized links to subject-material and professional educators' resources.
	Internet Schoolhouse - http://www.internetschoolhouse.com/ A collection of educational resources on the Internet.
	Mrs. Mitchell's Virtual School - http://www.kathimitchell.com/ Categorized Internet resources for kids', teachers', and classroom use. Sites listed by subject and grade. Also articles on computer technology in the classroom and summer reading lists.
	The Education Center - http://educationgo.stormpages.com/ K-12 education resources for students and teachers.

	Early Childhood Links - http://www.earlychildhoodlinks.com/ Links in early childhood for childcare providers, homeschoolers, Montessorians, parents, and teachers.
	The Lighthouse for Education - http://www.thelighthouseforeducation.co.uk Education information for schools, teachers, pupils with links to educational web sites.
	ed-u.com - http://www.ed-u.com/ A portal covering education, news, careers, and school issues. Searchable directory of 20 million educational webpages.
	Paperary Library - http://www.paperary.org/ An open digital library. Contains thousands of papers on various issues such as science and education. Papers are in .doc format, and are sent to an e-mail address users provide.
	FreeSeminars - http://www.freeseminar.com/ Provides seminar listings, continuing education courses, and web based training.

	Im4kidz - http://www.im4kidz.org/ Provides links to resources for use in the classroom and at home, including lesson plans, freebies, and projects.
	JewishLink.net - http://www.jewishlink.net/learning.html Directory with web sites about education emphasizing a Jewish-Israel perspective.
	Edulinks - http://www.edulinks.co.uk/ Provides links to major British educational and governmental web sites. For teachers, parents, and students.
	Educational Web Portal - http://www.bhsu.edu/education/edfaculty/lturner/index.html Contains listings of websites for teachers at every level and discipline.
	LiqwidMindz.com Student Resources - http://www.liqwidmindz.com Links to notes and solved problems for a wide range of academic subjects for college and high school students.

	Spartacus Guide - http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/EWintro.htm A collection of reviews of good educational websites under subject headings: English, Geography, History, Science and Media Studies.
	A+TeacherPlace - http://www.teacherplace.net/ Links to 1500 curriculum, professional development, and educational technology resources on the Internet.
	Dr. Brain's Laboratory - http://doctorbrain.tripod.com Directory of educational websites and programs with brief reviews.
	English Help for High School Students - http://members.tripod.com/~megan81/megan81.html Aims to help high school English students with their work.
	Language Resources - http://linguistlist.org/langres/index.html Linguistics directory. Includes resources related to languages and language education, as well as contemporary linguistics.

	Knowledge Hound - http://www.knowledgehound.com/ Directory of how-to links, from cooking to programming to sports.
	Educational CyberPlayGround - http://www.edu-cyberpg.com/ Directory of educational resources and links related to curriculum, arts, technology, and teachers.
	Teacher Links - http://www.netrox.net/~labush/tchlinks.html Provides links to several websites of interest to teachers in various fields such as science, math and English. Also provides links for classroom use.
	Educational resource for teachers, directory and links. - http://www.clickets.com/targets/Education/resources.asp Educational resources to support classroom and projects.
	Wellington Academy - http://www.wellingtonsquare.com/academy.htm Links to homework help sites, encyclopedias, and reference sites.

Teach & Learn - http://www.originami.com/TeachLearn/home.htm

Provides links for teachers and students.

http://amser.org/index.php?P=BrowseResources&ParentId=972680

Top Thinkers

http://www.thinkers50.com/results-2001

http://www.project2061.org/publications/sfaa/online/sfaatoc.htm

http://www.aaas.org/

http://www.aaas.org/careercenter/

http://www.worldbest.com/topsites.htm

http://www.sciencenetlinks.com/matrix.php

http://www.godandscience.org/doctrine/holy_spirit.html#wahcC9i5KucL

http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=google-flu-trends-on-par-with-cdc-data

http://www.politics.com/

http://www.alexa.com/topsites

For Computer online books:

http://www.maththinking.com/boat/computerbooks.html

Tutorials

This page is based on a snarf of http://stommel.tamu.edu/~baum/programming.html
C

Introduction to C Programming
C Optimization Tutorial
Compiling C and C++ Programs on UNIX Systems - gcc/g++
Building and Using Static and Shared C Libraries
Programming in C: UNIX System Calls and Subroutines Using C
C FAQ
C Programming Class Notes
ANSI C for Programmers on UNIX Systems
Sams Teach Yourself C in 24 Hours
Sams Teach Yourself C in 21 Days (4th Ed.)
The Standard C Library for Linux - Part 1: file functions
The Standard C Library for Linux - Part 2: character input/output
The Standard C Library for Linux - Part 3: formatted input/output
The Standard C Library for Linux - Part 4: Character Handling
The Standard C Library for Linux - Part 5: Miscellaneous Functions
Programming in C: A Tutorial
An Introduction to C Development on Linux
C Programming Course
C Language Tutorial
CScene: An Online Magazine for C and C++ Programming

C++

C++ Tutorial
Understanding C++: An Accelerated Introduction
An Introduction to C++ Class Hierarchies
G++ FAQ
Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming Using C++
Compiling C and C++ Programs on UNIX Systems - gcc/g++
C++ FAQ Lite
C++ Programming Language Tutorials
Reducing Dependencies in C++
C++ Exception Handling
Part 1: Unicode
Part 2: A Complete String Class
Making C++ Loadable Modules Work
Sams Teach Yourself C++ in 21 Days (2nd Ed.)
C++ Portability Guide
C++ Tips
C++ Language Tutorial
CScene: An Online Magazine for C and C++ Programming
C++ Libraries FAQ
CGI

CGI Programming Tutorial
CGI Programming 101
CGI Manual of Style
CGI Developer's Guide
CGI Programming Unleashed
Sams Teach Yourself CGI Programming with Perl 5 in a Week (2nd Ed.)
CGI/Perl Tips, Tricks and Hints
A Tour of HTML Forms and CGI Scripts
Reading CGI Data: URL-Encoding and the CGI Protocol
CGI Programming FAQ

CORBA

CORBA FAQ
A Brief Tutorial on CORBA
CORBA 2.0 Specification
CORBA Tutorials
Sams Teach Yourself CORBA in 14 Days
Linux Network Programming, Part 3 - CORBA: The Software Bus
CORBA Program Development, Part 1
CORBA Program Development, Part 2
CORBA Program Development, Part 3
CSS

CSS2 Tutorial

CVS

CVS Tutorial
Concurrent Version System Tutorial
DHTML

Introduction to Dynamic HTML

Emacs

Emacs: The Software Engineer's ``Swiss Army Knife''
Emacs FAQ
GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual
Programming in Emacs Lisp
GNU Emacs Manual
A Tutorial Introduction to Emacs
EMACSulation: Internet-ready!
EMACSulation: Ediff - An Emacs interface to diff and patch
EMACSulation: Emacs as a Server
EMACSulation: Customizing Emacs
Basic Emacs
EMACSulation: Templating Mechanisms
Emacs Macros and the Power-Macros Package
Polyglot Emacs 20.4
Expect

Advanced Programming in Expect: A Bulletproof Interface
Automating Tasks with Expect
What Can you Expect?--A Data Collection Project Using Linux
Fortran

Professional Programmer's Guide to Fortran 77
Fortran 90 and Computational Science
User Notes on Fortran Programming
Fortran Programming for Physics and Astronomy
A Fortran 90 Tutorial
Using GNU Fortran
Fortran 90: A Course for Fortran 77 Programmers
Fortran 90 for the Fortran 77 Programmer
Introduction to Fortran
GIMP

GIMP Tutorial Index
A Tutorial for Perl GIMP Users
A Scheme Tutorial for GIMP Users
GIMP Guide
The GIMP User Manual
Pseudo 3-D with GIMP
Graphical Photocomposition with GIMP
Creating Text with the GIMP
Creating Fire Effects with the GIMP
Creating and Editing Animations with GIMP
GIMP-Perl: GIMP Scripting for the Rest of Us
Writing a GIMP Plugin
GIMP: The RRU Tutorial
GIMP User FAQ
Script-Fu Tutorial
The Quick Start Guide to the GIMP, Part 1
The Quick Start Guide to the GIMP, Part 2
The Quick Start Guide to the GIMP, Part 3
The Quick Start Guide to the GIMP, Part 4
GNOME

Application Programming Using the GNOME Libraries
Part 1: Everything You Need to Get Started
Part 2: Building a Sample Genealogy Program
Part 3: Adding File Saving and Loading Using libxml
Creating GTK+ Widgets with GOB: An Easier Way to Derive New GTK+ Widgets
Handling Multipel Documents: Using the GnomeMDI Framework
Livening Things Up: Graphics Made Easy Using the GNOME Canvas
Developing Gnome Applications with Python - Part 1
GTK

GDK Reference Manual
GLib Reference Manual
GTK+ Reference Manual
The GIMP Toolkit
GTK+ FAQ
GTK V1.2 Tutorial
Drawing and Event Handling in GTK
An Introduction to the GIMP Tool Kit
Gnuplot

Constrained Dynamics
Continuum Dynamics
Differential Equation Basics
Energy Functions and Stiffness
Particle System Dynamics
An Introduction to Physically Based Modeling
Rigid Body Dynamics I
Rigid Body Dynamics II
Scientific Visualization Tutorials
Gnuplot - An Interactive Plotting Program
GIF Animation Tutorial
HTML

HTML Table Tutorial
HTML by Example
How to Use HTML 3.2
Creating a Client-Side Image Map
Advanced HTML: How to Create Complex Multimedia Documents for the Web
The ABCs of HTML
Sharky's Netscape Frames Tutorial
ILU

ILU Reference Manual
Using ILU with ANSI C: A Tutorial
Using ILU with Java: A Tutorial
Using ILU with Python: A Tutorial
IP-Masquerading

ipchains: Packet Filtering for Linux 2.2
Setting Up IP Masquerade
Setting Up IP-Masquerading
Ipchains: Easy Links to the Net
Linux Networking Using Ipchains
IPC

Advanced 4.4BSD Interpprocess Communication Tutorial
UNIX Multi-Process Programming and IPC
Java

Enterprise JavaBeans Tutorial
JavaBeans Short Course
Introduction to the JavaBeans API
JDBC Short Course
Essentials of the Java Programming Language, Part 1
Essentials of the Java Programming Language, Part 2
Writing Advanced Applications for the Java Platform
Fundamentals of Java Security
Fundamentals of Java Servlets
Introduction to the Collections Framework
Introduction to CORBA
Fundamentals of RMI
Advanced
Introductory
Intermediate
Java Language Specification
Java Tutorial: Servlet Trail
Java Virtual Machine Specification (2nd Ed.)
Glossary of Java and Related Terms
The Java Language Environment
Java Look and Feel Design Guidelines
Story of a Servlet: An Instant Tutorial
Introduction to Java
Java2D: An Introduction and Tutorial
Java Servlet Tutorial
comp.lang.java FAQ
Brewing Java: A Tutorial
Shlurrrppp ... Java: The First User-Friendly Tutorial on Java
Swing Tutorial
Swing: A Quick Tutorial for AWT Programmers
Thinking in Java
Java RMI Tutorial
Java for C++ Programmers
The Advanced Jav/aJ2EE Tutorial
Hacking Java: The Java Professional's Resource Kit
JFC Unleashed
Java Developer's Guide
Java Developer's Reference
Sams Teach Yourself Java in 21 Days (Professional Reference Ed.)
Java Unleashed (2nd Ed.)
Java 1.1 Unleashed (3rd Ed.)
Java Game Programming Tutorial
Java Networking FAQ
Java Tutorial: A Practical Guide for Programmers
Sockets Programming in Java
Programming with Java - Part I
Programming with Java - Part II
Setting Up a Java Development Environment for Linux
Understanding Java
Beginner's Guide to JDK
GUI Development in Java
Java Servlets: An introduction to writing and running Java servlets on Linux

_JavaScript

Introductory _JavaScript Tutorials
_JavaScript Authoring Guide
Client-Side _JavaScript 1.3 Guide
Client-Side _JavaScript 1.3 Reference
Core _JavaScript 1.4 Guide
Core _JavaScript 1.4 Reference
Server-Side _JavaScript 1.4 Guide
_JavaScript FAQ
_JavaScript Tutorial
The Way of _JavaScript
Voodoo's Introduction to _JavaScript
_JavaScript Tutorial for Programmers
_JavaScript Primer
EchoEcho _JavaScript Tutorial
Sams Teach Yourself _JavaScript 1.1 in a Week (2nd Ed.)

Lisp

Common Lisp Hints
Common Lisp the Language (2nd Ed.)
Lisp FAQ
Lisp Programming Tutorial
Lisp Tutorial
LISP Tutorial
Common Lisp HyperSpec

MIDI

Basic MIDI Tutorials
Tutorial on MIDI and Music Synthesis

ML Tutorial
Programming in Standard ML '97
A Gentle Introduction to ML
Moscow ML Owner's Manual

MPI

An MPI Tutorial
Tutorial on MPI
MPI: Portable Parallel Programming for Scientific Computing
Tuning MPI Applications for Peak Performance
MPI: From Fundamentals to Applications
MPI Tutorial
MPI: The Complete Reference
Introduction to Parallel Programming Using MPI
Basics of MPI Programming

Matlab

Matlab Basics Tutorial
Matlab Summary and Tutorial
Matlab - Official Online Manuals in PDF

Misc

The Soar 8 Tutorial Home Page
8051 Assembly Tutorial
GNAT Reference Manual
MOO Programming Tutorial
Genetic Tutorial
Basic SUIF Programming Guide
Cosmology Tutorial
Relativity Tutorial
80x86 Assembly Language Programming Tutorial
ZPL Programming Guide
VHDL Synthesis Tutorial
Part 1: Overview
Part 2: The Lexical Analyzer
Part 3: The Parser
Part 4: The Symbol Table and Syntax Tree
Part 5: The Semantic Checker and Intermediate Code Generator
Part 6: Optimization
Part 7: The Virtual Machine
Part 8: Executable Code
Part 9: Advanced Subjects
A tutorial on character code issues
Imlib Programmer's Guide
Speech Analysis Tutorial
INTERCAL Programming Language Revised Reference Manual
Quantum Computation: A Tutorial
Modem Tutorial
Biotiming Tutorial

Motif

Introduction to Motif Application Development
X Window/Motif Programming
Motif FAQ
Motif/Lesstif Application Development
X/Motif Programming

OpenGL

OpenGL Programming Guide - The Red Book
NeHe OpenGL Tutorials
Advanced Graphics Programming Techniques Using OpenGL
Introduction to OpenMP
OpenGL: >From the Extensions to the Solutions
Designing and Building Parallel Programs
Tutorial Material on MPI
Tutorial on MPI
Parallel Programming - Basic Theory for the Unwary
Building a Beowulf System
High Performance Fortran in Practice
Java Personal OpenGL Tutorial (JPOT)
OpenGL Tutorial
Advanced OpenGL Texture Mapping
Linux Focus
What is OpenGL?
GLUT Programming: Windows and Animations
OpenGL Programming: Simple Polygon Rendering
OpenGL Programming: More About Lines
GLUT Programming: Windows Management
Programming with OpenGL: Advanced Rendering
Programming with OpenGL: Advanced Techniques
OpenGL Overview
HPF: Programming Linux Clusters the Easy Way

PHP

PHP Knowledge Base
PHP/MySQL Tutorial
PHP3 Introduction
PHP Tutorials
PHP FAQ
PHP Manual
PHP How-To Columns
An Introduction to PHP3

PVM

Advanced Tutorial on PVM 3.4
PVM: A User's Guide and Tutorial for Networked Parallel Computing
PVM FAQ
Parallel Processing using PVM

Pascal

Pascal Programming OnLine Notes
Roby's Pascal Tutorial
Pascal Language Tutorial

Perl

Perl Modules
Perl man pages
Perl Tutorial
A Quick Introduction to Perl
Perl FAQ
HTMLified Perl 5 Reference Guide
Perl Regular _Expression Tutorial
Save it With Perl: A CPAN Solution to Data Persistence
Introduction to Perl
The Perl Programming Language
Sams Teach Yourself Perl 5 in 21 Days (2nd Ed.)
Using Perl for Web Programming
Perl 5 Quick Reference
Perl Part III - Arrays
Perl Part II - Writing a Real Program
Perl Part I - Introduction
Perl Tutorial
Robert's Perl Tutorial
CGI/Perl Tips, Tricks and Hints
An Introduction to Perl
Embperl: Modern Templates
Perl Embedding
Network Programming with Perl

PostScript

PostScript FAQ
PostScript Programming
About PostScript Errors
A First Guide to PostScript
PostScript Tutorial and Reference
PostScript III: The Operand Stack of PostScript: Arrays, Variables, Loops and Macro Definitions
PostScript II: The Operand Stack, Manipulations and Mathematical Operators
PostScript I: The Language

Povray

The Online POV-Ray Tutorial
Povray I: First Steps
Povray II: Basic Notions
Povray III: Design of Recursive Structures

Prolog

Prolog Programming: A First Course
On-Line Guide to Prolog Programming
Prolog Programming Tutorial

Python

Practical ILU with Python: A Tutorial
Learning to Program
Numeric Python Tutorial
Cheat Sheet: A Quick Reference Document for Newcomers
Text Processing in Python: Tips for Beginners
Using State Machines: Algorithms and Programming Approaches in Python
Tinkering with XML and Python: An Introduction to XML Tools for Python
The Other Scripting Language that Starts with a "P"
The Dynamics of DOM: A Closer Look at Python's xml.dom Module
My First Web-Based Filtering Proxy: Converting Text to HTML Using Txt2Html
Instant Python
Instant Hacking: Learn How to Program With Python
The Whole Python FAQ
The What, Why, Who, and Where of Python
Extending and Embedding the Python Interpreter
Python Library Reference
Python Reference Manual
An Introduction to Python
Python Tutorial
Getting Started With Python

RPC

Remote Procecure Call - AIX Programming Concepts Guide
Protocol Compiling and Lower Level RPC Programming
Programming with Remote Procedure Calls - SCO
RPC Programming Documents - Sun
RPC Programming Interface - DEC
Remote Procedure Calls in Linux

Rexx

REXX/imc Tutorial
Advanced Object REXX Programming
Introduction to Object REXX Programming
Rexx FAQ
TCP/IP Socket Programming with REXX

Ruby

Ruby Language FAQ
Ruby: A New Language
Thirty-seven Reasons I Love Ruby
The Ruby Programming Language
Ruby User's Guide
Ruby Language Reference Manual

SCSI

An Introduction to SCSI Drivers
Advanced SCSI Drivers And Other Tales

SQL

SQL Tutorial and Interpreter
Introduction to Structured Query Language
Beginning MySQL Tutorial
Sams Teach Yourself SQL in 21 Days (2nd Ed.)
SQL Tutorial I - Introduction to SQL and Installation of PostgreSQL
MySQL: A Database Server
Setting Up a MySQL Based Website - Part 1
Setting Up a MySQL Based Website - Part II
PostgreSQL Tutorial
Using mSQL in a Web-Based Production Environment
Speaking SQL
Integrating SQL with CGI, Part 1
Integrating SQL with CGI, Part 2
PostgreSQL--the Linux under the Databases
Beagle SQL, A Client/Server Database for Linux
NoSQL Tutorial
MySQL Introduction

SSI

NCSA HTTPd Server Side Includes
The Server Side Includes Tutorial
Programming in Standard ML '97: An On-Line Tutorial
SSI Tutorial

STL

A Modest STL Tutorial
The Standard Template Library Tutorial
Introduction to STL, Standard Template Library
STL Tutorial

Samba

Introduction to Samba - Part 1: Key Concepts
More Adventures with Samba
Linux Networking: Exploring Samba
Using Samba to Mount Windows 95
Introducing Samba
Samba's Encrypted Password Support

Scheme

Scheme Tutorial
A Scheme Tutorial for GIMP Users
Revised (4) Report on the Algorithmic Language Scheme
MIT Scheme Reference
DrScheme Programming Environment Manual
MzScheme Language Manual
Teach Yourself Scheme in Fixnum Days
Lecture Notes on the Principles of Programming Languages
An Introduction to Scheme and Its Implementation
The Scheme Programming Language
Scheme FAQ
The PACT Scheme Language
Fundamentals of Computer Science I
Chez Scheme User's Guide
The Scheme Programming Language (2nd Ed.)

Smalltalk

Basic Aspects of Squeak and the Smalltalk-80 Programming Language
IBM Smalltalk Tutorial

TCP/IP

Daryl's TCP/IP Primer
Introduction to the Internet Protocols
IP Next Generation Overview
IPv6: The New Internet Protocol
Understanding IP Addressing
Introduction to IP Multicast Routing
TCP/IP Tutorial and Technical Overview
An Introduction to TCP/IP Programming
TCP/IP FAQ - Part 1
TCP/IP FAQ - Part 2
TCP/IP: Introduction to the Internet Protocols
Teach Yourself TCP/IP in 14 Days (2nd Ed.)
TCP/IP for Idiots Tutorial
T/TCP: TCP for Transactions
TCP/IP and IPX Routing Tutorial

Tcl/Tk

Introduction to Programming with Tcl
Programming Using Tcl/Tk
Practical Programming in Tcl and Tk
Tcl/Tk Cookbook
Introduction to the Tcl/Tk Programming Language
The Tcl Syntax
Tcl/Tk Quick Reference Guide
comp.lang.tcl FAQ
Tcl/Tk Man Pages
Rapid Prototyping with Tcl/Tk
Tcl/Tk: The Swiss Army Knife of Web Applications

TeX

LaTeX for Secretaries

UNIX

The UNIX Time-Sharing System
The Evolution of the UNIX Time-Sharing System
The UNIX Time-Sharing System - A Retrospective
UNIX - The Bare Minimum
Using the UNIX Operating System
History of UNIX
UNIXhelp for Users
STScI UNIX Users Guide
UNIX System Administration
UNIX Past
Compiling C and C++ Programs on UNIX Systems - gcc/g++
Manipulating Files and Directories in UNIX
Introduction to UNIX Signals Programming
UNIX and Multics
UNIX FAQ
UNIX Man Pages Online
UNIX Unleashed
UNIX Unleashed: System Administrator's Edition
UNIX Unleashed: Internet Edition
A Basic UNIX Tutorial
The UNIX Programming Environment
Introduction to UNIX
Intermediate UNIX Training
Coping with UNIX: An Interactive Survival Kit
Introduction to UNIX Course Notes
Advanced Introduction to UNIX
Basic Introduction to UNIX
Programming the Shell
Networking/Internet with UNIX
Learning UNIX

VRML

Introduction to VRML
VRML Primer and Tutorial
VRML Audio Tutorial
The Easy VRML Tutorial
VRML 97 Tutorial
Introduction to VRML 2.0
An Introduction to VRML
VRML 2.0 Tutorial

X11

Securing X Windows
X Window Guide
Using X11 Windows
Looking Through X Windows
X Widget FAQ
Xlib Programming: A Short Tutorial
X Windows Version 11.5: A Concise Description
Beginning with X
comp.windows.x.intrinsics (Xt) FAQ
comp.windows.x FAQ
Configuring X
The 40 Most Common X Programming Errors (And How to Avoid Repeating Them)
X Window System Application Performance Tuning
Taming the X Display Manager (xdm)
Introduction to X Windows
XFree86 FAQ
Programming with XView
Developing Imaging Applications with XIE
X Window System Administration

XDR

eXternal Data Representation Overview for Programming
eXternal Data Representation - AIX Programming Concepts Guide
External Data Representation: Sun Technical Notes
External Data Representation: Technical Notes

XML

Working with XML: The Java API for XML Parsing (JAXP) Tutorial
XQL Tutorial
Tutorial Introduction to XML
The XML Revolution: Technologies for the Future Web
An Introduction to Perl's XML::XSLT Module
XML Reference and Glossary
XML FAQ
Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0
XUL Tutorial

auto

The GNU Configure and Build System
Developing Software with GNU (w/ Learning Autoconf and Automake)
Autoconf: Creating Automatic Configuration Scripts
GNU Automake
Adding Fortran 77 Support to Automake

debugging

Debugging C and C++ Programs using gdb
Debugging with GDB (GNU Manual)

elm

The Elm Reference Guide
The Elm User's Guide
Email with the Elm Mailer
ELM FAQ
Elm Tutor

lex

Compiler Construction Using Flex and Bison
How to Write a Simple Parser with Lex and Yacc
A Guide to Lex and Yacc
Creating an Input Language with the lex and yacc Commands
A Brisk Tutorial on Lex and Yacc
What Do Lex and Yacc Do?
The Roles of Lex and YACC
A Little Manual for Lex and Yacc
GNU Bison Manual
GNU Flex Manual
Compiler Construction Tools - Part I: JFlex and CUP
Compiler Construction Tools - Part II: Installing JFlex and CUP - Specific Instructions
What is Lex? What is Yacc?
lex and yacc: Tools Worth Knowing

make

Introductory Tutorial on Make
A Brief Introduction to Make
Getting Started with Make - Part 1: The Basics
Getting Started with Make - Part 2
Tutorial on Make
Automating Program Compilation - Writing Makefiles
A Brief Make Tutorial
Make - A Tutorial
GNU Automake Manual
GNU Make Manual
Quick and Dirty Make Tutorial
Building Projects with Imake

networks

VDSL Tutorial
Cable Modem Tutorial
Tutorial: Insight Into Current Internet Traffic Workloads
Tutorial on Internet Monitoring
Frame Relay Tutorial

sed

Serial Programming for POSIX Compliant Operating Systems
sed Script Archive
sed FAQ #2
Do It With sed
sed - A Non-Interactive Text Editor
Introduction to sed
Handy One-Liners for sed
sed FAQ #1
sed - The Stream Editor
sed Tutorial

shells

UNIX Shell Patterns
Korn Shell Reference
UNIX Shell Programming Bourne and Korn Shells
A Brief Introduction To C Shell Variables
UNIX Shell Scripts
Writing UNIX Scripts
Part 1: Fundamental Programming in Bash
Part 2: More Bash Programming Fundamentals
Part 3: Exploring the Ebuild System
Working the the Shell Environment
pdksh (Public Domain Korn)
Shell Script Programming
C Shell Tutorial
BASH FAQ
Shell Differences FAQ
Z-Shell FAQ
GNU Bash Reference Manual
Bourne/Bash: Shell Programming Introduction
Functions and Aliases in Bash
Introduction to Shell Scripting
The Deep, Dark Secrets of Bash
bash (GNU)
csh (C)
ksh (Korn)
sh (Bourne)
tcsh
zsh (Z)
Getting the Most from Your Shell
Shell Command Language Index
UNIX Bourne Shell Programming
Features of the TCSH Shell
Improve Bash Shell Scripts Using Dialog
Extending the Bash Prompt
Shell Functions and Path Variables, Part 1
Shell Functions and Path Variables, Part 2
Shell Functions and Path Variables, Part 3

sockets

Introduction to Network Functions in C
Berkeley UNIX System Calls and Interprocess Communication
Using Internet Sockets
Beginner's Guide to Sockets
BSD Sockets: A Quick And Dirty Primer
Sockets Programming in Java
Introduction to Socket Programming
An Introduction to Socket Programming
Perl and Sockets
Linux Network Programming, Part 1 - BSD Sockets

threads

Getting Started with POSIX Threads
LinuxThreads FAQ
Part 3: Improve Efficiency with Condition Variables
Part 1: A Simple and Nimble Tool for Memory Sharing
Part 2: The Little Things Called Mutexes
Multi-Threaded Programming with POSIX Threads
Threads FAQ
Multithreaded Programming
LinuxThreads Programming
Pthreads - Overview and Manual
What is Multi-Threading?
Thread-Specific Data and Signal Handling in Multi-Threaded Applications
Introduction to Multi-Threaded Programming
POSIX Thread Libraries

vi Tutorial
elvis Manual
An Extremely Quick and Simple Introduction to the Vi Text Editor
vim Reference Manual
Mastering the vi Editor
vi FAQ - Part 1
vi FAQ - Part 2
vim Editor FAQ
vi Quick Reference and Tutorial
Revisiting VIM
The vi/ex Editor

Free E-Books

Good Site for Software Engineers http://software-engineer.org/

No.	Title/Author	URL
1	10 minute guide to lotus notes mail 4.5	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
2	10 minute guide to Microsoft exchange 5.0	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
3	10 minute guide to outlook 97	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
4	10 minute guide to schedule+ for windows 95	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
5	ActiveX programming unleashed	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
6	ActiveX programming unleashed	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
7	Advanced perl programming	http://www.hk8.org/old_web/
8	Advanced PL/SQL programming with packages	http://www.hk8.org/old_web/
9	Adventure in Prolog/AMZI	www.oopweb.com
10	Algorithms CMSC251/Mount, David	www.oopweb.com
11	Alison Balter's Mastering Access 95 development, premier ed.	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
12	Apache : The definitive guide, 3^rd.ed.	http://www.hk8.org/old_web/
13	Beej's guide to network programming/Hall, Brain	www.oopweb.com
14	Beyond Linux from Scratch/BLFS Development Team	http://book.onairweb.net/computer/os/linux/Administration/Beyond_Linux_From_Scratch/
15	Borland C++ builder unleashed	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
16	Building an intranet with windows NT 4	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
17	Building an Intranet with Windows NT 4	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
18	Building expert systems in prolog/AMZI	www.oopweb.com
19	C programming language	http://book.onairweb.net/computer/pl/C/The_C_Programming_Language_by_K&R/
20	C Programming/Holmes, Steven	www.oopweb.com
21	C++ Annotations	www.oopweb.com
22	CGI developer's guide	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
23	CGI manual of style	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
24	CGI manual of style online	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
25	CGI programming	http://www.hk8.org/old_web/
26	CGI programming unleashed	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
27	CGI programming with Perl, 2^nd.ed.	http://www.hk8.org/old_web/
28	Charlie Calvert's Borland C++ builder unleashed	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
29	Client/server computing, 2^nd.ed.	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
30	Client-server computing, 2^nd.ed.	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
31	Common LISP, the language/Steele, Guy	www.oopweb.com
32	Compilers and compiler generators : an introduction with C++/Terry, P.D.	www.oopweb.com
33	Complete idiot's guide to creating HTML webpage	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
34	Computer graphics CMSC 427/Mount, David	www.oopweb.com
35	Configuring and troubleshooting the windows NT/95 registry	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
36	Creating commercial websites	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
37	Creating web applets with Java	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
38	Crystal Reports.NET	http://www.crystalreportsbook.com/Chapters.asp
39	Curious about the internet	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
40	Curious about the internet?	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
41	Dan appleman's developing activeX components with Visual Basic 5	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
42	Dan appleman's developing activex components with Visual Basic 5.0	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
43	Data structures CMSC420/Mount, David	www.oopweb.com
44	Database developer's guide with visual basic 4, 2^nd.ed.	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
45	Database developer's guide with Visual Basic 4, 2^nd.ed.	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
46	Database developer's guide with Visual C++ 4, 2^nd.ed.	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
47	Database developer's guide with Visual C++ 4, 2^nd.ed.	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
48	Design and analysis of computer algorithms CMSC451/Mount, David	www.oopweb.com
49	Designing implementing Microsoft internet information server	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
50	Designing implementing Microsoft proxy server	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
51	Developing for netscape one	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
52	Developing intranet applications with java	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
53	Developing personal oracle 7 for windows 95 applications	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
54	Developing personal Oracle 7 for windows 95 applications	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
55	Developing professional java applets	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
56	Developing professional java applets	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
57	DNS and BIND	http://www.hk8.org/old_web/
58	Doing objects with VB.NET and C#	http://vbwire.com/nl?6814
59	EAI/BPM Evaluation Series: IBM WebSphere MQ Workflow v3.3.2 & EAI Suite by > Middleware Technology Evaluation Series, Phong Tran & Jeffrey Gosper	http://www.cmis.csiro.au/mte/reports/BPM_IBMwebsphereMQ332.htm
60	Effective AWK programming	http://book.onairweb.net/computer/os/shell/Effective_AWK_Programming/
61	Enterprise javabeans, 2^nd.ed.	http://www.hk8.org/old_web/
62	Exploring java	http://www.hk8.org/old_web/
63	GNOME/Sheets, John	www.oopweb.com
64	Graph theory/Prof. Even	www.oopweb.com
65	Hacking java	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
66	How intranets work	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
67	How intranets work	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
68	How to program visual basic 5.0	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
69	How to use HTML 3.2	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
70	Html : The definitive guide	http://www.hk8.org/old_web/
71	HTML 3.2 & CGI unleashed	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
72	HTML 3.2 and CGI professional reference edition unleashed	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
73	HTML by example	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
74	Internet firewall	http://www.hk8.org/old_web/
75	Intranets unleashed	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
76	Introduction to object-oriented programming using C++/Muller, Peter	www.oopweb.com
77	Introduction to programming using Java/Eck, David	www.oopweb.com
78	Introduction to socket programming	http://book.onairweb.net/computer/network/An_Introduction_to_Socket_Programming/
79	Java 1.1 unleashed	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
80	Java 1.1 unleashed, 2^nd.ed.	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
81	Java 1.1 unleashed, 3^rd.ed.	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
82	Java 114 documentation	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
83	Java AWT reference	http://www.hk8.org/old_web/
84	Java by example	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
85	Java developer's guide	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
86	Java developer's guide	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
87	Java developer's reference	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
88	Java developer's reference	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
89	Java Distributed computing	http://www.hk8.org/old_web/
90	Java enterprise	http://www.hk8.org/old_web/
91	Java enterprise in a nutshell	http://www.hk8.org/old_web/
92	Java foundation classes in a nutshell	http://www.hk8.org/old_web/
93	Java fundamental classes reference	http://www.hk8.org/old_web/
94	Java in a nutshell	http://www.hk8.org/old_web/
95	Java in a nutshell, 3^rd.ed.	http://www.hk8.org/old_web/
96	Java language reference	http://www.hk8.org/old_web/
97	Java security	http://www.hk8.org/old_web/
98	Java servlet programming	http://www.hk8.org/old_web/
99	Java unleashed	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
100	Java unleashed	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
101	Java, 2^nd.ed.	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
102	_JavaScript : the definitive guide	http://www.hk8.org/old_web/
103	_Javascript manual of style	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
104	_Javascript manual of style	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
105	Josh's GNU Linux Guide/Joshua	http://book.onairweb.net/computer/os/linux/Administration/Josh's_GNU_Linux_Guide/
106	Late night activex	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
107	Late night activeX	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
108	Laura lemay's 3D graphics in and VRML 2	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
109	Laura lemay's activex and _VBScript	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
110	Laura lemay's graphics and web page design	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
111	Laura lemay's guide to sizzling websites design	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
112	Laura lemay's _javascript 1.1	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
113	Laura lemay's web workshop activex and _VBScript	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
114	Laura lemay's web workshop Graphics web page design	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
115	Laura lemay's web workshop _javascript	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
116	Learning perl	http://www.hk8.org/old_web/
117	Learning perl on win32	http://www.hk8.org/old_web/
118	Learning the kornshell	http://www.hk8.org/old_web/
119	Learning unix	http://www.hk8.org/old_web/
120	Learning vi	http://www.hk8.org/old_web/
121	Linux from Scratch/Beekmans, Gerard	http://book.onairweb.net/computer/os/linux/Administration/Linux_From_Scratch/
122	Linux in a nutshell, 3^rd.ed.	http://www.hk8.org/old_web/
123	Linux kernel/Rusling, David	www.oopweb.com
124	Linux network administrator's guide/Dawson, Terry	www.oopweb.com
125	Linux system administrator's survival guide	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
126	MAPI, SAPI and TAPI developer's guide	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
127	Mastering access 95 development	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
128	Microsoft access 97 quick reference	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
129	Microsoft access 97 quick reference	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
130	Microsoft backoffice 2 unleashed	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
131	Microsoft excel 97 quick reference	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
132	Microsoft excel 97 quick reference	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
133	Microsoft exchange server survival guide	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
134	Microsoft frontpage unleashed	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
135	Microsoft word 97 quick reference	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
136	Microsoft word 97 quick reference	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
137	Microsoft works 4.5 6-In-1	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
138	More than 100 full-text e-books	http://www.allfreetech.com/EBookCategory.asp
139	Ms backoffice administrator's survival guide	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
140	Ms backoffice unleashed	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
141	Mysql and msql	http://www.hk8.org/old_web/
142	Netscape plug-ins developer's kit	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
143	Official gamelan java directory	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
144	Oracle built-in packages	http://www.hk8.org/old_web/
145	Oracle PL/SQL built-in pocket reference	http://www.hk8.org/old_web/
146	Oracle PL/SQL language pocket reference	http://www.hk8.org/old_web/
147	Oracle PL/SQL programming guide to Oracle 8 features	http://www.hk8.org/old_web/
148	Oracle PL/SQL programming, 2^nd.ed.	http://www.hk8.org/old_web/
149	Oracle unleashed	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
150	Oracle unleashed	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
151	Oracle web applications PL/SQL developer's introduction	http://www.hk8.org/old_web/
152	Patterns of enterprise application architecture/Fowler, Martin	http://www.awprofessional.com/catalog/product.asp?product_id={574D77DF-6ED2-BC5-A6A8-02E59CA7482D}
153	PC week : the intranet advantage	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
154	Perl 5 by example	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
155	Perl 5 quick reference	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
156	Perl 5 unleashed	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
157	Perl 5.0 CGI web pages	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
158	Perl cookbook	http://www.hk8.org/old_web/
159	Perl for system administration	http://www.hk8.org/old_web/
160	Perl in a nutshell	http://www.hk8.org/old_web/
161	Perl quick reference	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
162	Peter norton's complete guide to windows NT 4 workstations	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
163	Presenting activex	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
164	Presenting activex	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
165	Presenting javabeans	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
166	Presenting javabeans	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
167	Programming perl	http://www.hk8.org/old_web/
168	Programming perl, 3^rd.ed.	http://www.hk8.org/old_web/
169	Programming the Perl DBI	http://www.hk8.org/old_web/
170	Red hat linux unleashed	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
171	Running a perfect intranet	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
172	Running Linux, 3^rd.ed.	http://www.hk8.org/old_web/
173	Sams teach yourself java 1.1 in 24 hours/	http://book.onairweb.net/computer/sams/Sams_Teach_Yourself_Java_1.1_Programming_in_24_Hours
174	Sams Teach yourself java in 21 days/Lemay, Laura	http://book.onairweb.net/computer/sams/Sams_Teach_Yourself_Java_in_21_Days/
175	Sams teach yourself linux in 24 hours/Ball, Bill	http://book.onairweb.net/computer/sams/Sams_Teach_Yourself_Linux_in_24%20Hours/
176	Sams teach yourself shell programming in 24 hours	http://book.onairweb.net/computer/sams/Sams_Teach_Yourself_Shell_Programming_in_24_Hours/
177	Sams teach yourself TCP/IP in 14 days	http://book.onairweb.net/computer/sams/Sams_Teach_Yourself_TCP-IP_in_14_Days(SE)/
178	Sed and awk	http://www.hk8.org/old_web/
179	Sendmail	http://www.hk8.org/old_web/
180	Sendmail desktop reference	http://www.hk8.org/old_web/
181	Slackware linux unleashed	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
182	Special edition using java, 2^nd.ed.	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
183	Special edition using _javascript	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
184	Special edition using _javascript	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
185	Special edition using _Jscript	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
186	Special edition using lotus notes and domino 4.5	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
187	Special edition using Microsoft SQL server 6.5, 2^nd.ed.	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
188	Special edition using Microsoft visual Interdev	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
189	Special edition using perl 5 for web programming	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
190	Special edition using perl for web programming	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
191	Special edition using Visual Basic 4	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
192	TCP/IP	http://www.hk8.org/old_web/
193	Teach yourself activex programming in 21 days	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
194	Teach yourself C++ in 21 days	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
195	Teach yourself C++ in 21 days	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
196	Teach yourself CGI programming with Perl 5 in a week	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
197	Teach yourself database programming with VB5 in 21 days, 2^nd.ed.	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
198	Teach yourself database programming with visual basic 5 in 21 days	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
199	Teach yourself HTML 3.2 in 24 hours	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
200	Teach yourself HTML 3.2 in 24 hours	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
201	Teach yourself internet game programming with java in 21 days	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
202	Teach yourself java 1.1 programming in 24 hours	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
203	Teach yourself jave in café in 21 days	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.tm
204	Teach yourself Microsoft visual Interdev in 21 days	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
205	Teach yourself Microsoft visual Interdev in 21 days	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
206	Teach yourself oracle 8 in 21 days	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
207	Teach yourself perl 5 in 21 days	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
208	Teach yourself perl 5 in 21 days, 2^nd.ed.	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
209	Teach yourself SQL in 21 days	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
210	Teach yourself SQL in 21 days, 2^nd.ed.	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
211	Teach yourself TCP/IP in 14 days	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
212	Teach yourself TCP/IP in 14 days, 2^nd.ed.	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
213	Teach yourself the Internet in 24 hours	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
214	Teach yourself the internet in 24 hours	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
215	Teach yourself _VBScript in 21 days	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
216	Teach yourself _VBScript in 21 days	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
217	Teach yourself visual basic 5 in 24 hours	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
218	Teach yourself Visual Basic 5 in 24 hours	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
219	Teach yourself Visual J++ in 21 days	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
220	Teach yourself web publishing with HTML 3.2 in 14 days	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
221	Teach yourself web publishing with HTML in 14 days	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
222	Thinking in C++	http://www.mindview.net/Books
223	Thinking in C++/Eckel, Bruce - Vol.I, 2^nd.ed.	www.oopweb.com
224	Thinking in C++/Eckel, Bruce - Vol.II, 2^nd.ed.	www.oopweb.com
225	Thinking in Enterprise Java	http://www.mindview.net/Books
226	Thinking in Java, 2^nd.ed.	www.oopweb.com
227	Thinking in Java, 3^rd.ed. (pdf)	http://www.mindview.net/Books
228	Tricks of the internet gurus	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
229	Tricks of the java programming gurus	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
230	Unix and internet security	http://www.hk8.org/old_web/
231	Unix hints and hacks/Waingrow, Kirk	http://book.onairweb.net/computer/os/unix/Administration/UNIX_Hints_&_Hacks/19270001.htm
232	Unix in a nutshell	http://www.hk8.org/old_web/
233	Unix kornshell quick reference	http://book.onairweb.net/computer/os/shell/Unix_KornShell_Quick_Reference/kornShell.html
234	Unix power tools	http://www.hk8.org/old_web/
235	Unix shell guide	http://book.onairweb.net/computer/os/shell/The_UNIX_Shell_Guide/
236	Unix unleashed	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
237	Unix unleashed	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
238	Unix unleashed Internet Ed./Burk, Robin	http://book.onairweb.net/computer/os/unix/Administration/UNIX_Unleashed(Internet_Edition)/fm.htm
239	Unix unleashed, System administrator's Edition	http://book.onairweb.net/computer/os/unix/Administration/UNIX_Unleashed_System_Administrator's_Edition/toc.htm
240	Unix Unleashed/Sams Publication	http://book.onairweb.net/computer/os/unix/Administration/UNIX_Unleashed/
241	Upgrading PCs illustrated	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
242	Using windows NT workstation 4.0	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
243	_VBScript unleashed	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
244	_Vbscript unleashed	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
245	Visual basic 4 in 12 easy lessons	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
246	Visual basic 4 unleashed	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
247	Visual Basic 5 night school	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
248	Visual basic programming in 12 easy lessons	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
249	Visual Basic programming in 12 easy lessons	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
250	Visual C++ 4 unleashed	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
251	Visual C++ programming in 12 easy lessons	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
252	Web database developer's guide with visual basic 5	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm
253	Web database developer's guide with visual basic 5	http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/
254	Web programming desktop reference 6-in-1	http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

Resources for Teachers and Parents

Go Back: Virtual Middle School Library Home / Resources for Teachers and Parents Menu / Science

Science

General Science Resources for Teachers

The National Science Education Standards - Prepared by the National Research Council. The text includes standards for teaching, content, assessment, and professional development.
Benchmarks for Science Literacy - What students should know about science, math, and technology by the time they graduate from high school. This guide to instruction and the writing of a curriculum has been developed by the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Science NetLinks - Lesson plans and web resources of K-12 science teachers from the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Middle School Science - Lesson plans for the physical and life sciences.
Science and Technology - Lesson plans and web links from PBS.
Science Lesson Plans - For all grades from Education World.
The National Science Digital Library - Links to science resources for teaching.
Exemplary Resources for Middle School Math and Science - From the National Science Digital Library.
Learning Science - Here you will find links to new online technologies for teaching science, links to science sites which are related to the science learning standards, and cool learning tools for math. This is a collaborative project of Temple University, and teachers in Bucks County (PA) schools.
Learner.org - Professional development and teaching resources. Videos marked VoD may be watched online. This site is by the Annenberg Foundation.
42 eXplore - Teaching ideas and related web sites for a variety of science topics.
Science Daily - Online magazine with breaking news about science.
SciCentral - This site helps you to keep up with science in the news.
Science Fair Central - Help with science fair projects, and a guide to running a science fair. From Discovery School.
The Science Learning Network - The place to go for inquiry based science teaching. Also take a look at the Ten Cool Sites of the Month for new science sites.
Nova Online for Teachers - Lesson plans for using the PBS television show NOVA in the classroom.
Outstanding Science Trade Books for Grades K -12 - Selected by the National Science Teachers Association.
The National Science Teachers Association
Popular Science Magazine - What's new in the worlds of science and technology.
The Case Files - The case files highlights individuals from the history of science and technology.
Why are Things Colored? - This site could be used for anatomy, art, physics, or several other disciplines. There are lesson plans. This a Smithsonian Web Exhibit.
Who Done It? - Using forensics to hone science and laboratory skills. This is a unit for middle or high school science students. It is an introduction to laboratory investigation which would be appropriate for general science, biology, or bio-technology. It is from Teacher's First.
Science Study in the Philadelphia Area
- The Franklin Institute Online
- The Academy of Natural Sciences
- The Schuylkill Center for Environmental Education - Educational programs for teachers and students.
- The Morris Arboretum - Of the University of Pennsylvania.
- The Chemical Heritage Foundation

Astronomy and Space Exploration

NASA Search Engine - Locate teaching materials for all grades and many subjects at this NASA site.
The Center for Science Education - Space Sciences. A directory of educational projects funded by NASA which may be searched by topic or grade level. This site is provided by the University of California at Berkeley
Goddard Space Flight Center - Lesson plans and other materials for teachers.
The Challenger Center for Space Science Education- Uses the theme of space exploration to improve student learning in science and mathematics.
The Universe Forum - Space and astronomy lesson plans from the Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.
Earth and Sky - Activities to accompany the daily radio program, and also links to lesson plan and science sites.
Amazing Space - Astronomy lessons, teaching tools, and a video about the night sky.
Space.Com - This site provides current news of the space program, and also information on space, astronomy and Project SETI. It is a commercial site and sells books, astonomy programs and other materials.
Space and Astronomy Lesson Plans - From Teachnology.
Astronomy and Space Lesson Plans - From Discovery School.
Exploring Planets in the Classroom - Hands on activities for studying earth, the planets, and geology.
NASA/MSU CERES Project Educational Activites - Lesson plans for grades K-12.
Google Sky - Google's pictures of the universe.
Build the Solar System - This site has a calculator so you can get the distances right.
Eyes on the Sky, Feet on the Ground - Hands on Astronomy Activites for Kids. There are activities for studying the rotation of the earth, mapping, time and calendars, and the solar system and the moon.
Paper Plate Education - The use of paper plates to demonstrate many of the concepts of astronomy. Good site when your supply budget is low.
Astronomy with a Stick - Astronomy activities that can be done during the daytime. These activities which track the movement of the sun are for elementary and middle school students.
The Women of NASA - Meet the women scientists at Ames Research Center. This is a K-12 initiative by NASA to interest more girls in careers in science.
Astronomy Cast - a podcast which is a great way for you and your students to learn about astronomy.

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Biology

Action Bioscience - Articles on the impact of bioscience research on our lives. There are high school lesson plans and charts of NSES correlations
BioZone Bio Links - This is a directory of web sites dealing with many aspects of biology such as ecology, biotechnology, animal behavior, cell biology and many more.
Living Things - Links to websites on animals, plants, and ecosystems. There are also tips for teachers. This site is prepared by the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia.
SMILE Biology Lesson Plans - For all grade levels from the Illinois Institute of Technology.
Biology Lesson Plans - From Teachnology.
Lesson Plans Inc. - Biology lesson plans for all grades.
The Science Behind Our Food - Lesson plans for many aspects of biology from the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences of the University of Georgia.
The Genetic Science Learning Center - Background information on current developments in genetic science, and lesson plans.
Teaching Evolution - Information about evolution and possible perils and pitfalls to avoid while teaching about it. By the University of California Museum of Paleontology
The Marian Koshland Science Museum - Activities and lesson plans for infectious diseases, global warming, and DNA and genetics.
The National Institute of General Medical Sciences - Teaching resources, interactive games, quizzes, and information on becoming a research scientist.
The Entomology Index - Recommended entomology sites on the web for K-12 educators.
Monarch Butterfly Lesson Plans - For grades 1 - 12.
US Department of Agriculture forTeachers and Students - There is so much offered at this site that it is hard to describe. Visit Smokey the Bear, check out the food pyramid, and don't miss RUS the Surfing Squirrel.
Biodidac - This may be the place to look if you need pictures for teaching life sciences.
Microbes.Info - This is a portal for microbiology information on the web. Check out the FAQ's for basic information on microbiology, and the Education and Learning section for links to teaching related web sites.
Penn State Lesson Plans - Plans for all grades for forest resources, water, earth science and wildlife from the School of Forest Resources at Penn State University.
KinderGarden - Gardening in the curriculum for all grades levels. This is a good starting point for any teacher interested in starting a gradening project.
Out! Out! Damp Sprout! - A lesson plan for growing seeds which are found in the supermarket. This lesson is by Vicki Cobb.
Real Trees 4 Kids - Activities and lesson plans for grades 3 through high school. This site is by the National Christmas Tree Association.
Kids Gardening - Resources and grant information for teachers. By the National Garden Association.
Plants for Kids - Experiments in botany for children from the Delaware State University.
Bird Sleuth- A project in bird watching for middle school students. Sponsored by the Cornell Lab of Ornithology.
Online Biology Book - If your knowledge of biology is a bit shaky, you may need to refer to this text by M. J. Farabee

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Chemistry, Physics and Technology

American Chemical Society - Web site for chemistry teachers and students.
SMILE Chemistry Lesson Plans - For all grade levels from the Illinois Institute of Technology
Chalkbored - High school level resources which includes Power Point lessons, lesson handouts, labs, and other material.
Chemistry Lesson Plans - From Teachnology.
Chemistry Lesson Plans - From Middle School Science.
Creative Chemistry - You will find worksheets and online chemistry games at this British site.
Chemistry at About.Com - lesson plans, experiments, and other chemical information.
School Chemistry Laboratory Safety Guide - From the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health.
Physical Science Lesson Plans - From Discovery School.
Physics Lesson Plans - From Teachnology.
Exploring the Nanoworld - Lesson plans for nanotechnology and materials science by University of Wisconsin Materials Research Science and Education Center.
SMILE Physics Lesson Plans - From the Illinois Institute of Technology.
Physical Science Lesson Plans - for all grades from Reach Out Michigan.
Physics Central - Some teaching ideas, a middle school competition, free posters and coloring books. By the American Physical Science Society.
Teach Engineering K - 12 - This site has curriculum and lesson plans for many areas of science. It has a great many lessons for physical sciences and technology.
Technology Lesson Plans - From Discovery School.
Inventors and Inventions - Lesson Plans from About.Com.
Molecularium - Site for teaching about atomic structure. There are lesson plans for you and interactive activities for students.
The Particle Adventure - This is a great site if you need to brush up on your knowledge of atomic or nuclear physics. It has a few worksheets for students, too.

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Ecology and Environment

Environmental Education on the Internet - Resources for teachers and students, and also information on grants and environmental organizations.
Environmental Education Lesson Plans - From TeachNology.
Teacher's Corner - by Care2. This site is a directory of web sites about all aspects of environmental education.
Environmental Protection Agency - Environmental education web site.
The Environmental Education Network
Exploring the Environment - This site has modules for students to use to explore various aspects of the environment such as hurricanes, rainforests, the Everglades, and the weather. There are teacher help pages, too.
Teaching about Waste and Recycling - Lesson plans from the EPA.
Community Science Action Guides - Teaching units and lesson plans for grades K-12. These lessons deal with water, energy, and health sciences.
The Electronic Naturalist - An online program providing a weekly environmental education unit. These units are available in 2 reading levels for K-3 and 4-8. Each unit has activities, a poster, and links to related web sites.
Taming the Paper Tiger - Lessons on paper and the environment from SmartPay.
Beyond Penguins and Polar Bears - An online magazine for teachers of grades k - 5. The purpose is to integrate science, literacy, and the polar regions. There are lesson plans and links to relevant web sites.
The Rainforest Alliance - Rainforest information and activities for kids and teachers.
The Rainforest Action Network - Dedicated to preserving the rainforests.
Educational in Nature - Environmental education units for 4th and 5th graders. This site includes lesson plans and worksheets.
Activities to Celebrate Earth Day - From Education World.
All About Global Warming - In case you need to brush up on your knowledge of global warming.
Teachers' Guide to High Quality Educational Materials on Climate Change and Global Warming- Global warming facts and lesson plans from the National Science Teachers Association.
Climate Change Education - News and lesson plans.
The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection - Information on Pennsylvania's environment for teachers and students.

Energy

Alliance to Save Energy - Lesson plans and energy saving tips.
Energy Lesson Plans - For all grade levels from the US Department of Energy.
Energy for Educators - From the US Department of Energy.
The Energy Kid's Page - an energy timeline, classroom activities, energy facts, and an energy glossary.
Renewable Energy Lesson Plan - From the Texas State Energy Conservation Office.
Fuel Our Future Now - Lesson plans on automobile design and fuel use. These plans are for all grades from the US Department of Energy.
Teaching Resources - on alternative forms of energy from the Tennessee Valley Authority.

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Geology

Geology Link - Learn what's new in geology, take a virtual field trip, check out virtual geology courses, or ask a geology professor.
Geology Educational Resources - From the U.S. Geological Survey. Projects in earth science for students and teachers.
Geology Lesson Plans - From ProTeacher.
Earth Science Lesson Plans - from Teachnology.
Geology Lesson Plans - for grades K - 12 by the Illinois State Museum.
Geology.Com - Geology articles, maps and satellite images, a geological dictionary, and teaching materials.
Understanding Geologic Time - This online unit for students has a teachers guide.
How Volcanoes Work - This is a good site if you need to brush up on your knowledge of volcanoes. There are links to volcano lesson plans on the Volcano Links page.
Earthquake Topics: Lessons Online - From the US Geological Service.
Earthquakes: Getting Ready for the Big One - a middle school lesson plan from Discovery School.
Mineral Information Institute - Free teaching materials and lesson plans.
Coal Lesson Plans - From the American Coal Foundation.
Mining - Links to web sites about mining and mine safety. There are also ideas for student activities.
Cavern Geology Lesson Plans - by Cave and Mine Adventures.
The Geological Society of America - Lesson plans for grades k-12.
Geology of Pennsylvania - lesson plans and other materials by the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources.

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Meteorology

Weather Lesson Plans for Elementary Teachers - Lesson plans and links to weather web sites.
Weather Lesson Plans - From Discovery School
Weather Lesson Plans - From Teachnology.
Weather Lesson Plans - From the University of Oklahoma. These are mainly for middle school students.
The University of Michigan Weather Underground - Weather information.
Hurricane Watch - Lesson plans for the fall hurricane season from Education World.
Lightening Safety - There are Tools for Teachers to assist in teaching these safety measures.
Tornado Lesson Plans - From A - Z Teachers Stuff.
A Blizzard of Winter Lessons! - For elementary grades from Education World.
Project SkyMath - A six-weeks middle-school mathematics unit which incorporates real weather data.

Oceanography

New Jersey Marine Sciences Consortium - This site has lesson plans and worksheets.
Treasures@Sea - Teaching oceanography through art and literature.
Reef Ball Educational Projects - 50 ideas for teaching about oceanography.
National Geographic Blue Frontier - Oceanography lesson plans for all grades.
NOAA Ocean Explorer - Curriculum and lesson plans.
Classroom Resources from the Monterey Bay Acquarium - Lesson plans, videos, and podcasts.
National Marine Sanctuaries - This sites provides a curriculum, lesson plans and other activities.
Sea World/Bush Gardens - Lesson plans and teaching guides.
The Gulf of Maine Research Institute - Information and lesson plans for acquatic life.
Oceanography for Kids - Links to lesson plans and oceanography sites by Kathi Mitchell.
The Intertidal Zone - A lesson plan for middle school students.
Coral Seas - A middle school lesson plan on coral reefs.
The COOL Classroom - A project to link middle and elementary school classrooms with the Rutgers Marine and Costal research program.
The Jason Project - Visit the ocean with this popular interactive science project.

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This site is maintained by Linda Bertland, retired school librarian. Please address any comments, additions, or corrections to info@sldirectory.com.

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http://bestonlineuniversities.com/2010/25-e-learning-education-start-ups-that-could-change-the-world/

25 e-Learning & Education Start-ups That Could Change the World

May 24, 2010

One of the ways technology is changing the world is do with the way we learn. Online universities provide opportunities for learning from the comfort of your home. Indeed, so many people are interested in learning online, that there are a number of schools and businesses designed to cater to distance learners. An online degree can help you earn a little more money, and it can also help you find knowledge that you did not have before. Whether you are looking for a free education online, or whether you are looking for the tools to help you succeed in an e-learning environment, here are 25 start-ups that just might change the world of education:

GlobalScholar: This start-up is focused on creating a global learning system. The idea is to change education so that it is more dynamic and fluid. Not only does it involve a virtual classroom and distance interactions, but it also provides a system for creating an integrated curriculum, and even includes helpful professional development courses to keep teachers up to date. Originally InfiLearn, GlobalScholar is the brainchild of former Amazon.com executive Kal Raman.
2tor, Inc.: John Katzman, the founder of the Princeton Review, offers 2tor, Inc., a start-up that is meant to revolutionize education with the help of social media. Fast Company reports that 2tor created a platform similar to Facebook to help with the Master of Arts in Teaching at the University of Southern California. It makes it easy for students to interact with each other and instructors.
Sums Online: Want to make math fun? The U.K. start-up Sums Online provides a wide range of math activities that are flash based, according to TechCrunch Europe. Those who are learning at home can use Sums Online products, just as those in more traditional school settings can. It's a great way to learn math, and this start-up also won an accessibility award from Nasen.
DreamBox Learning: Help kids get excited for math with help from DreamBox Learning, an education start-up that provides math games for kids. This is interactive learning at its finest, with online math games that help children learn to solve problems while experiencing adventures. DreamBox was recently acquired by Netflix founder Reed Hastings.
Grockit: The tagline for this educational start-up is "get addicted to studying." It's not hard to see why Fast Company named this a start-up to watch. Grockit is one of the leaders in personalized learning. Social media style learning and test preparation starts out by assessing the student's skill level. This allows Grockit to tailor learning for the student to help him or her improve test scores while having fun.
School of Everything: TechCrunch Europe recognizes this school due to its interesting way of connecting students with teachers — directly. If there is something you want to learn, you can go to this site, and learn it from those who teach it. You can also use the site to find offline classes and teachers in your area. A great way to learn whatever it is you want to learn, from math to martial arts.
FoneFonics: Learn from anywhere with a specialized phone. FoneFonics is behind the mLearning program, which offers students an opportunity to learn via mobile phone. TechCrunch Europe was impressed with this educational start-up, and the mLearning phone from FoneFonics is in beta testing right now with Summer Arts Colleges, with a Poetry learning program.
LearnOutLoud: Based in Santa Monica, California, LearnOutLoud focus on podcasts, audiobooks, downloads and video. In some cases, you have to purchase the products, but there is also a library of free materials. If there is something you want to learn about this is a great way to increase your knowledge. Compatible with a variety of devices. And, if you want to sell your own work, you can publish through LearnOutLoud.
Knewton: This is another online educational start-up focusing on test preparation online. Fast Company likes the start-up, which uses test experts to help students study. This is a way to connect experts and students from all over the world, and provide an online environment for learning with a platform that can be accessed anywhere, and include live chat. Plus, it costs less than some other test prep programs.
Notely: Organize your life as a student and perform better. TechCrunch Europe points this out as an educational start-up that has potential. Notely allows you to coordinate your schedule, planning homework and integrating your schedule, notes and more so that everything you need is easily accessible. It's an innovative approach to student organization so that all the tools for better learning are easily within reach.
Myngle: Want to learn another language from the comfort of your home? Myngle offers you the chance to connect with online tutors, one on one. No need to meet with someone in person. Also, this is more than just a company that sends out audio files. Instead, you can actually interact with a tutor who knows the language, learning online and getting better instruction with distance learning. Last year, Myngle received one million euros to help keep it going.
WildKnowledge: If you are interested in exchanging knowledge using a mobile phone device, this is the way to go. TechCrunch Europe mentions WildKnowledge as an interesting educational start-up, and it really does help you learn and share information easily. You can develop your applications as well. An easy way to learn on location — no matter where that location is.
Inigral: Fast Company reports that Inigral is a start-up funded by Facebook's Founder's Fund. The idea is to create a social media application that is easy to use. It's higher education on Facebook, helping colleges relate to its different stakeholders, including prospective students, current students and alumni. Ingral's CEO and founder is a former high school teacher, Michael Staton.
SmartLearn WebTV: Instructional videos from an Indian company focused on helping students for IIT JEE and AIEE. Experts in related subjects teach the video courses, designed to help students. There is also a job engagement function and online tutoring. SmartLearn WebTV was recently acquired by EdServ, an education services provider.
uHavePassed.com: In Britain, this start-up is changing the way people pass their driving tests. This start-up, mentioned by TechCrunch Europe, offers a variety of tools to help students prepare for the written part of a British driving test online or via mobile phone. You can analyze your progress, get used to hazard perception videos and learn while playing games. It's a great way to learn what you need for the theory portion of the driving test.
eduFire: This educational start-up was named one to watch by Fast Company due to its live video learning. Interact with top professors and with other students. You can learn a number of subjects, including different languages. A way to individualize learning to the student's own pace, and provide the student with access to experts that he or she might not otherwise have.
GradeGuru: This is a start-up from McGraw-Hill Education. It is a social network that allows college students to connect and share their knowledge. It gives new meaning to "study group", as students from around the world can collaborate, share class notes and establish an academic reputation. Functions as a game as well, allowing you to earn rewards and build your status.
ePals: If you are into homeschooling, then the Internet offers a wide variety of options for those looking for K-12 learning. ePals is one of those educational start-ups. It's a project based learning network that connects classrooms and homeschooled students from around the world. It's a great way to collaborate over distances and enhance education. It also recently received an investment from National Geographic.
Udemy: It is possible to interact with professors who can develop their own courses with Udemy. The goal of this e-learning start-up is to help "democratize online education." Students can interact with their professors, and they can watch video and get access to learning material. Also helpful because it allows the teachers themselves to develop their courses as they wish.
eLearning Brothers: Want to develop your own e-learning course? It's possible with eLearning Brothers. This start-up focuses on helping teachers and others develop e-learning courses that are effective and sometimes even fun. Also included are helpful hints on finding students and branding yourself. This company is looking to make e-learning a little more common, and accessible to more people.
TutorJam: Get access to tutoring, no matter where you are. You get personalized instruction, one on one, tailored to fit your needs. Includes test prep, and tutoring for college as well as K-12. Tutors are knowledgeable in the field, and the company is helping to provide increased access to individualized learning — something that is becoming increasingly important as technology makes it possible.
Educomp: This Indian start-up has a number of affiliates and partners, helping with education and training in a variety of ways. Offers access to learning information and videos, as well as continued innovation in the field of education and learning. Connect with other teachers and students from 26,000 schools, comprising 15 million learners. A great way to find the education you are looking for.
Livemocha: Another language learning e-learning start-up, Livemocha allows a way to learn different languages, community style. By connecting with native speakers and others, it is possible to increase your knowledge of another language. It is an inexpensive option as well, providing tutoring and other helpful tools that make distance learning of another language possible, and even fun.
Brightstorm: If you are interested in test preparation, then Brightstorm might be able to help. This education start-up focuses on helping students prepare for AP tests, as well as standardized tests. You can connect with teachers and experts, and learn more about learning. One of the features is a step-by-step way of answering math problems, so students can see how it is done.
Mindflash: This e-learning start-up is actually aimed at helping small businesses help train their employees. Former Mint.com CMO Donna Wells is the president and CEO. Mindflash is designed to help small businesses provide resources to their employees by developing online courses that can be used for training.

Tagged as: e-learning, Education, education start-up, online classes, online education

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SUBJECT: Geography KS3

LEARNING CONTEXT: RIVERS - Landforms and Processes (natural hazards)

What do I need to do to prepare pupils for the enquiry?

Thinking Skills & AfL strategies

River landforms – especially flood plain and deltas.
Causes of flooding
Effects of flooding
Some case studies of contrasting events and locations e.g. U.K. floods
Materials to support this enquiry available online http://www.geogonline.org.uk/y8_bangla.htm

Big Questions
Brainstorming
Choice of Answers
Concept Cartoons
Concept maps
Diamond Ranking
Fishbone Diagram
Fortune Lines
Frayer Model
Hot Seating
Jigsawing
Just a minute
Learning Journal
Living Timeline/Grap
Memory Diagram
Mind mapping
Most likely to . . .
Mysteries
No Hands Up
Odd One Out
Phone a Friend
Picture annotate
See it, Think it Chart
Self/Peer Marking
Sequencing activi
Splat
T Chart
Taboo
Thinking Partners
Venn diagram
ContentGenerator Games
CG Interactive Diagram
CG Half a Minute
CG Match up
CG Hoop Shot
CG Pen shoot-out
CG Grade or no Grade
CG En garde
CG Walk the Plank
CG Fling
CG Teacher Invaders
CG En Garde

ENQUIRY STAGE

SUBJECT-SPECIFIC SKILLS (see PoS)

Activities

1. PLANNING

Identify the BIG questions to ask
Use prior knowledge to refine the big questions and break down into smaller questions
Identify the information and evidence needed to answer the questions and how to acquire it
Identify the success criteria including Key Skills and Building Learning Power competencies needed for success.
Agree whether this is an individual, paired or group investigation.
Agree time allowed for the investigation, format for the final submission and deadline for submission dates. Discuss consequences for failure to meet deadlines.

Investigation

Identify and establish sequences of questions for investigation

Specifically this enquiry looks at the annual flooding in Bangladesh and why it has got worse.

It links to population growth in Nepal leading to deforestation. The deforestation links to soil erosion and extra run-off which worsens flooding in the lower ground of Bangladesh.

Actions in the upper reaches of a drainage basin affect the lower sections.

Any solution will require international co-operation.

Thinking partners to complete 'starter task.' Use the four images from http://www.geogonline.org.uk/y8_bangla_bq.htm
Use the pictures to tell a story in order, to devise the Big Question and to suggest sub-questions for an enquiry sequence. Using the guidance at http://www.geogonline.org.uk/y8_bangla_bqtask.htm
Complete a paper copy of the blank interactive diagram available from http://www.geogonline.org.uk/y8_banglaBQ_idg.html
Success Criteria e.g. Level 7 http://www.geogonline.org.uk/y8_level7_nepal.doc

all others available via hyperlink on index page http://www.geogonline.org.uk/y8_bangla.htm

ENQUIRY STAGE

SUBJECT-SPECIFIC SKILLS (see PoS)

Activities

Thinking Skills & AfL strategies

2. CONDUCTING

Ask and answer the questions …

- where is this place?

- what are the features patterns and processes of this place and why do they occur?
- how and why is this place changing? What might happen next, in the short and long term?

- how and why is this place connected to and interdependent with other places?

- how do environments and people interact?

- how can changes be sustainable?

- what are the geographical issues for people living in this place? How and why do people's views on issues differ and what do I think?

- how can my actions and those of other people make a difference locally, nationally and globally?

Locating places, environments and patterns

1 Locate places and environments using atlas, maps, plans, aerial and satellite imagery, and use the internet.

2 Use maps plans and imagery of different types and scales and ICT to present locational information e.g. draw sketch maps.

3 explain the spatial patterns of the area and how different places are interconnected.

Understanding places, environments and processes

1 describe and explain physical and human features

2 explain the causes and effects of physical and human processes and how they interrelate

3 explain how and why places and environments change and identify trends and future implications

Investigating

2. Extract and record data using a variety of secondary sources

Using the Interactive Diagram as a guide to structure the enquiry http://www.geogonline.org.uk/y8_bangla_idg.html

And using teacher prepared resource materials from http://www.geogonline.org.uk/y8_bangla.htm

to investigate the locations and what the places are like? And how they are linked
box 1

explain the causes of flooding and to investigate the discharge pattern box 2

describe and categorise the effects of flooding box 3

investigate population change in Nepal box 4

investigate deforestation and consequent soil erosion box 5

Big Questions
Brainstorming
Caterpillar
Choice of Answers
Concept Cartoons
Concept maps
Diamond Ranking
Fishbone Diagram
Fortune Lines
Frayer Model
Hot Seating
Jigsawing
Just a minute
Lillypads
Learning Journal
Living Timeline/Graph
KWL/QuADS grids
Memory Diagram
Mind mapping
Most likely to . . .
Mysteries
No Hands Up
Odd One Out
Phone a Friend
Picture annotation
Placemat Activities
PMI diagram
Read and Think Chart Reflection Traingle
See it, Think it Chart
Self/Peer Marking
Sequencing activities
Snowball/Post it Challenge
Splat
T Chart
Taboo
Thinking Partners
Taffic lighting
Two Stars and a Wish
Venn diagram
Who-What-When-Where
Y Chart

3. PROCESSING

Organise the information into formats that are fit for purpose – maps, images, diagrams)
Analyse the information
Identify patterns
Identify similarities and differences
Form opinions
Make decisions
Draw conclusions

Investigating

analyse and evaluate ideas and evidence, answer questions and justify conclusions.

Gain the overview as to how all these problems are interconnected (cause and effect) box 6

Recognise your own view may be different to that of other people. Different interest groups have different attitudes.

ENQUIRY STAGE

SUBJECT-SPECIFIC SKILLS (see PoS)

Activities

Thinking Skills & AfL strategies

4. COMMUNICATING

Determine the audience
Identify the information to be communicated
Identify the method of communication
Prepare materials using Geographical terminology
Include a range of annotated diagrams and images linked to the text.
Publish

Communicating

1. Develop opinions and understand that people have different values, attitudes and points of view on geographical issues

2. Assess bias and reliability of geographical evidence to weigh arguments, make decisions and solve problems.

3. communicate findings, ideas and information using geographical terminology, maps, images, graphs and ICT.

Pupil decides how they want to communicate their findings

Teacher will accept valid format - written report, PowerPoint, Windows Movie, Interactive Diagram, mind map - or any other pre-agreed format including oral presentations.

Big Questions
Brainstorming
Caterpillar
Choice of Answers
Concept Cartoons
Concept maps
Diamond Ranking
Fishbone Diagram
Fortune Lines
Frayer Model
Hot Seating
Jigsawing
Just a minute
Lillypads
Learning Journal
Living Timeline/Graph
KWL/QuADS grids
Memory Diagram
Mind mapping
Most likely to . . .
Mysteries
No Hands Up
Odd One Out
Phone a Friend
Picture annotation
Placemat Activities
PMI diagram
Read and Think Chart Reflection Traingle
See it, Think it Chart
Self/Peer Marking
Sequencing activities
Snowball/Post it Challenge
Splat
T Chart
Taboo
Thinking Partners
Taffic lighting
Two Stars and a Wish
Venn diagram
Who-What-When-Where
Y Chart

5. EVALUATING

Has the enquiry been successful?
What were the most important /interesting things discovered?
What are the next steps?
How is this related to other learning?

Pupil - Was work submitted to deadline?
Were success criteria met?

Begin evaluation before marking. What was fun! What was done well? What difficulties were met, how were problems dealt with? What could be done better in future?

Peer assessment -positive praise and supportive suggestions

Teacher feedback – positive praise and supportive suggestions

Use Formal Assessment Record: http://www.geogonline.org.uk/y8_bangla_record.doc

Levelling issues – refer to mark scheme. e.g. L7: http://www.geogonline.org.uk/y8_level7_nepal.doc

Issue rewards (and sanctions if necessary!)

Pupils may change Thinking Partners so each pupil reports their findings to a new partner.

Teacher agrees date for marking to be completed.

Post marking evaluation. Targets for the future.

Discuss the issue of Levels! and emphasise that 'learning is fun' – everyone can improve their learning if they keep trying! Be 'resilient'!

'levelling' is imposed by outside agencies in part to 'test' the teachers!

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